politics

āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ‡āļ¸āļ­āˇ’āļœāˇš ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļē āļ…⎀āļŊāļ‚āļœāˇ” āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇš āļ‡āļē⎒?

āļ‘āļŊ⎊.āļ´āˇ“. āļ‹āļ¯āļēāļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇ’.

āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āļģāˇāļĸ⎊āļąāˇāļ­āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚ āˇƒāˇāļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 2-3 āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ€āļŊ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇ’āļēāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ€ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇ’ āˇƒāˇ’āļē ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļē ⎄āļ¯āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē⎚ āļ…⎀āļŊāļ‚āļœāˇ” āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ‚⎁āļē, āļ‘⎄⎒ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇšāˇ āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ‚⎁āļē āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļļāļŊāļ°āˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠ āļ¯, āļ¸āˇš ⎀āļą āļ­āˇ™āļšāˇŠ āļŠāļ§ āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ” ⎀⎖ āļšāļģ⎔āļąāˇ” ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇœāļ§ āļąāˇāļ­. 

Singh
āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āļģāˇāļĸ⎊āļąāˇāļ­āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚ (⎀āļ¸āˇš) āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļŊ⎚āļšāļ¸āˇŠ āļĸ⎙āļąāļģāˇāļŊ⎊ āļŊ⎜āļē⎒āļŠāˇŠ āļ”āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ (āļ¯āļšāˇ”āļąāˇš) āļ…āļ­āļģ 2021 āļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ” āļ¸āˇƒ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇ’ āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€āˇšāļ¯āˇ“ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯āļē āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļ´āˇ”⎅⎔āļŊ⎊ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ…⎀āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļē⎜āļ¸āˇ” āļšāļŊ⎄.

āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯āļē, āļĸāļ´āˇāļąāļē, āļ•āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļŊ⎒āļēāˇāˇ€ āˇ„āˇ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ ⎀⎓ āļ­āļąāˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎙āļą āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļŠāˇŠ (QUAD) āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€, ⎃āļ¸āˇƒāˇŠāļ­ āļ¯āļšāˇ”āļąāˇ” āļ†āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ’ āļ­āˇ”āļŊāļ§ āļ‡āļ¯ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ™āļģ āļ¯āļģāļē⎒. āļ­āļ¸ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ‡āļ¸āļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļēāˇ āļ¯āˇ™āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļąāˇ’āļŊ ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļ‘⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” āļšāˇœāļ§, āļ¯āˇ™ āļģāļ§āˇš āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ āļēāļŊ⎒ āļ…āļŊ⎔āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļēāļ­āˇŠāļą āļ¯āļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļļ⎐⎀⎒āļąāˇ’. āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āļģāļąāˇ’āļŊ⎊ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄, āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļœāļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇšāˇ‚āˇŠ āļœāˇ”āļąāˇ€āļģ⎊āļ°āļą āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļļāļŊāļ°āˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļąāˇ”  āļŊāļļāļą āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļšāˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ āļ­āļģ  āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇāļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ’.

āļģāˇāļĸ⎊āļąāˇāļ­āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚āļœāˇš ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļē āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇš, āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļšāļŊ ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“, āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’āļ¯āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ” āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļœāļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļ¯āˇ’ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļšāļģāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ‘āļšāļŸāļ­āˇāˇ€āļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļē. 

āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āļģāˇāļĸ⎊āļąāˇāļ­āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚āļœāˇš āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļē ⎄āļ¯āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē⎚ āļ…⎀āļŊāļ‚āļœāˇ” āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇš, āļ āˇ“āļą āˇ‚āˇ“ āļē⎐āļąāˇŠ 6 (shi yan 6) āļ´āļģ⎊āļēāˇšāˇ‚āļą āļąāˇžāļšāˇāˇ€ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļœāˇ™āļą āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš, āļ’ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āˇ€ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš  āļļāļŊāļ°āˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļļāļŊāļœāļ­āˇ” ⎀⎒āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇāļą āļąāˇāļœāˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļš āļ¯āˇ“ āļē. 

Ship
⎂⎓ āļē⎐āļąāˇŠ 6 (shi yan 6) āļ´āļģ⎊āļēāˇšāˇ‚āļą āļąāˇžāļšāˇāˇ€

āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¸āļ­āļˇāˇšāļ¯āļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ­āˇ”āļŠāˇ” āļ¯āˇ“ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎙āļą āˇ‚āˇ“ āļē⎐āļąāˇŠ 6 āļ āˇ“āļą āļ´āļģ⎊āļēāˇšāˇ‚āļą āļąāˇžāļšāˇāˇ€āļ§, āļ”āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇāļļāļģ⎊ 26āļ¯āˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 10āļ¯āˇ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ’āļą 17āļšāˇŠ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļģ⎐āļŗāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇ  āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģāļšāļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āļąāˇ’āļģāļ­ āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ…āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ‚⎁āļē āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ’ āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļē. āļŠāļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļŠāˇ, āļœāˇ’āļē āˇ€āˇƒāļģ⎚ āļ āˇ“āļą āļēāˇ”āˇ€āˇāļąāˇŠ ⎀⎐āļąāˇŠāļœāˇŠ 5 āļąāˇžāļšāˇāˇ€ ⎄āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇœāļ§ āˇ€āļģāˇāļē⎚ āļąāˇāļ‚āļœāˇ–āļģāļ¸āˇŠ āļŊ⎑āļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎒ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āļļāļŊāļœāļ­āˇ” ⎀⎒āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ´āˇ‘āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔⎀ āļē.

āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļœāļąāļąāˇāˇ€āļš āˇƒāˇ’āļ§ āļ¸ āļ āˇ“āļąāļē āˇ„āˇ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€ āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ™āļą āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ ⎃āļļāļŗāļ­āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” āļļāļŊāļ°āˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļļāļŊāļœāļ­āˇ” ⎀⎒āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ ⎀⎓ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎚. ⎃⎐āļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 01āļ¯āˇ Economynext ⎀⎙āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē⎚ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇš, āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āˇƒāˇāļœāļģāļē⎚ āļ āˇ“āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎒āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļąāˇāļŸāˇ“āļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ…⎀āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļē⎜āļ¸āˇ” ⎀⎓ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļļ⎀āļē⎒. āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš ‘āļ¯ āˇ€āˇ“āļšāˇŠ’ (The week) ⎃āļŸāļģāˇāˇ€, āļ āˇ“āļą āļąāˇžāļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļē āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļąāˇš āļ¯āˇ“, āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ…āļ‚⎁āļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļąāˇ’āļē⎙āļšāˇ”āļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‹āļ´āˇ”āļ§āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…⎀āļ°āˇāļģāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇš, ‘āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇ„āˇ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¯āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļ´āˇāļģāˇŠāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļš āˇƒāļļāļŗāļ­āˇāˇ€āļŊ āļ‰āļģ⎒ āļ­āˇāļŊ⎓āļ¸āļšāˇŠ ⎀āļą āļļ⎀’ āļē⎒.

āļŊāˇāļš āļļāļŊ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ  āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ āˇƒāˇ„āļēāˇāļœāˇ“āļ­āˇ āˇ„āˇ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āļ¯āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ” ⎀⎓āļ¸ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļ­āļ¸āˇāļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎙āļą āļšāˇ€āļģāļ¯āˇāļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’āļē. āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” āļšāļŊāˇāļ´āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ™āļē āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš, āļŊāˇœāˇ€ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļē⎔āļ¯ āļ†āļ­āļ­āˇ’āļē, āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚āļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļ āˇ“āļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļą āļē⎔āļ¯ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāļ´āļšāˇāļģ⎓āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļē⎚ āļē.  āļ āˇ“āļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇ”āļšāļ­āˇ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāļšāˇ’. ⎃⎐āļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 4āļ¯āˇ āļ¯āˇ’⎀āļē⎒āļą āļ´āˇ”⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇš āļ´āļŊ āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎖ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļēāļšāļ§ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀, āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇ’āļē āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 3 āļ¯āˇ“, āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš ⎀āļģāˇāļēāļ§ āļ† āļē⎔āļ¯ āļąāˇāˇ€āˇŠ 126āļąāˇŠ 45āļšāˇŠāļ¸ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļšāˇāļ´āˇ“ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ™āļą āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļēāļšāˇ’.

āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€  āļ´āˇ™āļŊ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‡āļ¸āļģ⎒āļšāˇāˇ€ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļļāļŊāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ āˇ“āļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ ⎃āļšāˇƒāˇŠ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊāˇāļ´āˇāļē⎒āļš āˇƒāˇāļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļē. āļ‘āļšāˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļ­ āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇƒ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€, āļļāļ‚āļœāˇŠāļŊāˇāļ¯āˇšāˇāļē, āļąāˇšāļ´āˇāļŊāļē āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇāļŊ āļ¯āˇ’⎀āļē⎒āļą āļēāļą āļ¯āˇ”āļœāˇ“ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ⎊ āļ´āˇ™āļŊ āļœāˇƒāˇŠāˇƒāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ­āļ¸ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ āļļāļŊāļēāļąāˇŠ āļāļĸ⎔⎀ āˇ„āˇ ⎀āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎀ āļē⎜āļ¯āˇ āļœāļąāˇ“. āļŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇāˇ€āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ‹āļ¯āˇāˇ„āļģāļąāļēāļšāˇ’, 2015 āļĸāļąāˇ€āˇāļģ⎒ 8āļ¯āˇ āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ„⎒āļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļģāˇāļĸāļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āļąāˇ™āļģāļ´āˇ ⎄⎐āļģ āļ¸āˇ›āļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ⎓āļ´āˇāļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒāˇšāļą āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ’āļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļŊ āļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ āļ¸āˇāļģ⎔⎀. āļ‘āļē āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ…āļąāˇ”āļ¯āˇāļąāˇ”āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„āˇ’āļ­āˇ€ āˇ€āˇœāˇ‚āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ§āļąāļē ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļŊ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎔āļ¸āļšāˇ’.

āļŊāˇāļšāļē⎚ āļļāļŊ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ āļļāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ‘āļļāļŗāˇ” āļļāļŊ⎄āļ­āˇŠāļšāˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ¯āļšāˇ”āļąāˇ”  āļ†āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇš āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ⎊ āļąāˇ’āļģāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ⎀ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ­āˇ’.

āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇ–āļŊāˇāļ´āˇāļē⎒āļš āļ…āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€ āļļāļŗāˇ” āļļ⎙āļŊ⎄⎓āļą āļ´āˇāļŊāļą āļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļąāˇœ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļē. āļ‘āļļ⎐⎀⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āˇ€āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļŊāˇāļš āļļāļŊ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¯āˇāļŊāļąāļē ⎀⎙āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ­āļ¸ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„āļ­āˇ’āļš āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļē. āļģāˇāļĸāļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļē āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļģāļąāˇ’āļŊ⎊ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļœāˇš āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āļ¯ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļ¸ āļšāˇœāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇšāˇƒāˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āļē. 

āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļŠāļąāˇ“āļēāˇ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļąāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē⎚ ⎀āļ‚āļ āļąāˇ’āļš āļšāļ­āˇ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļ”⎀⎔⎄⎔, āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ‹āˇ€āļ¸āļąāˇ āļ‘āļ´āˇāļšāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§āļ¸ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļˇāˇ–⎀āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇ„āˇāļģ⎓ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ­āˇ’. āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ­āˇāļąāļšāļ¸ āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļąāļŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ› āļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ’āļ­ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ’āļšāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ´āˇāļģ āļšāļ´āˇ āļœāļąāˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ’ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļē. āļģāļąāˇ’āļŊ⎊ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļœāˇš āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļœāˇāļ­āˇ’, āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸ āļē⎒.

āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē⎚ āļ´āˇ”āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļēāļą āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļēāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļŊāˇāļš āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇāļą āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļ­āˇ”āļŠāˇ” āļ¯āˇ“ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē ⎀āļŠāˇ€āļŠāˇāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļœāļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­. āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āļ‹āļ´ āļ¸āˇ„āˇāļ¯āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ´āļē⎚ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļģāļ§āļšāļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļĸāļąāļēāˇ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģāļ§āļē. āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģ āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļē āļšāļŊ ⎄⎐āļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊāˇāļ´āˇāļē āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎁āļšāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē, āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļąāˇ€ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļ­ āļ¸āļ­ āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē ⎀⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇ’.

āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļ‡āļ¸āļ­āˇ’āļœāˇš ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļē āļ…⎀āļŊāļ‚āļœāˇ” āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇš āļ‡āļē⎒? Read More Âģ

⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 90āļšāˇŠ: āļ´āˇ€āˇŠāļšāˇāļģ ⎃āļ‚⎀āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļģāļēāļšāˇŠ

āļ´āˇ“āļ§āļģ⎊ āˇ‚āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇŠāˇƒāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇ’.

āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ´āļŊ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļŊāˇāļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎀⎙āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē⎚ 2023 āļĸāļąāˇ€āˇāļģ⎒ 29 āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ´āļŊ ⎀⎖ ‘90 years since Hitler took power: A sinister anniversary’ āļēāļą āļ´āˇ“āļ§āļģ⎊ āˇ‚āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇŠāˇƒāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļŊ⎒āļēāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒ āļ¯āļģ⎊⎁āļą āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļŊ āļ´āļģ⎒⎀āļģ⎊āļ­āļąāļē āļē⎒. āļ´āļģ⎒⎀āļģ⎊āļ­āļąāļē  āļ¸āˇ’āļœāˇāļģ āļ¸āļŊāˇŠāˇ€āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇ’.

āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ…āļąāˇ–⎀āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģ, 1933 āļĸāļąāˇ€āˇāļģ⎒ 30 ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļą, āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāļŊ⎊ āˇ€āˇœāļąāˇŠ ⎄⎒āļąāˇŠāļŠāļąāˇŠāļļāļģ⎊āļœāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē⎚ (NSDAP-āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļŠāˇ“āļ’āļ´āˇ“) āļąāˇāļēāļš āļ‡āļŠāˇœāļŊāˇŠāˇ†āˇŠ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠ āļ āˇāļąāˇŠāˇƒāļŊāļģ⎊ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļļāļŊāļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļˇāļēāˇāļąāļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’⎀⎒āļ´āˇāļš āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. āļ”⎄⎔āļœāˇš āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 12āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļąāˇŠ ⎀⎖ āļļ⎐⎀⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎖ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 1000āļš āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ  āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇ’āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ ⎃āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļąāļ§ āļ‡āļ­, āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 12 āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ”⎄⎔āļœāˇš āļ´āˇāļŊāļą āļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ…āļ´āļģāˇāļ°, āˇƒāˇ’āļ­āˇāļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊ āļ‰āļšāˇŠāļ¸āˇ€āˇ āļœāˇ’āļē āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļē āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 1,000āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļąāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­. 

āļ¸āˇāˇƒ āļšāˇ’⎄⎒āļ´āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊāļ­, āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ⎃⎊āļ­āļē⎚ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎚  āļąāˇ€āˇ“āļąāļ­āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ āˇāļģāļš āļ¸āˇāļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļą āļ”āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ” āļļ⎐āļŊ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ ⎀⎒āļģ⎄⎒āļ­ āļ¸āļģ⎊āļ¯āļąāļē āļŠāļ§ āļ’āļšāˇāļļāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļē. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļšāļŠāˇ āļļ⎒āļŗ āļ¯āļ¸āˇ āļ’āˇ€āˇāļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒāˇāļ¸āˇāļĸ⎒āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļāˇāļ­āļąāļē āļšāļģ āˇ„āˇ āļ’  ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ€āˇ–  āļģ⎐āļ¯āˇ€āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļŗāˇ€āˇ”āļģ⎔ ⎀āļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āļģāļšāļģ āļ­āˇāļļ⎖⎄. 

āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇ” āļšāļŊāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇāˇ€āļ§ āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇ˜āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ’āļš āļ¯āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎃⎐āļŊāļšāˇ”āļąāˇ” āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē, āļ”⎀⎔⎄⎔ āļ¸āˇŠāļŊ⎚āļ āˇŠāļĄ āˇƒāļ§āļąāˇŠ āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļēāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎄. ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠ āļ āˇāļąāˇŠāˇƒāļŊāļģ⎊ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ ⎄āļē ⎄āļ¸āˇāļģāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”, āļ”⎄⎔āļœāˇš ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇāˇ€ (⎀⎙āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļ āˇŠāļ§āˇŠ) āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļ†āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ¯āˇ™āˇ€āļą āļŊāˇāļš āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ†āļģāļ¸āˇŠā āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. āļ‰āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔⎀ ,1941 āļœāˇ’āļ¸āˇŠāˇ„āˇāļąāļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“ , āˇƒāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļēāļ§āˇŠ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āˇƒāˇ–āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļ¸ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ–āļŊāļāˇāļ­āļš āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļēāļ§āˇŠ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ€āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļēāļą 27 āļšāˇŠ āļ¸āļģāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļē.

Hitler
1933 āļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ” 21, āļ´āˇœāļ§āˇŠāˇƒāˇŠāļŠāˇ‘āļ¸āˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāļē⎚, āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāļŊ⎊ āˇ†āˇœāļąāˇŠ ⎄⎒āļąāˇŠāļŠāļąāˇŠāļļāļģ⎊āļœāˇŠ (āļ¯āļšāˇ”āļąāˇš) āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļš āļ‡āļŠāˇœāļŊāˇŠāˇ†āˇŠ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļ āˇāļąāˇŠāˇƒāļŊāļģ⎊ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļœāļąāˇ“. [āļĄāˇāļēāˇāļģ⎖āļ´āļē Theo Eisenhart/Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-S38324 / CC BY-NC-SA 3.0]

āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ¸āˇŠāļŊ⎚āļ āˇŠāļĄāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ‹āļ āˇŠāļ āļ­āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļŊāļŸāˇ ⎀⎖āļē⎚, āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ§āˇ’ āˇƒāˇ„ āļģāˇāļ¸āˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļœāļąāļąāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇ™āˇ€āˇŠāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļēāļą 6 āļšāˇŠ āļŊ⎒āļēāˇāļ´āļ¯āˇ’āļ‚āļ āˇ’ āļšāļģ, ⎀āļ§āļŊāˇ  āļ…āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇāļœāˇ™āļą, āļāˇāļ­āļą āļšāļŗāˇ€āˇ”āļģ⎔ ⎀⎙āļ­ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāˇ„āļąāļē āļšāˇœāļ§ āļ‘⎄⎒āļ¯āˇ“ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ‘āˇƒāˇŠ āļšāˇ”āļ§āˇ’ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ­āˇāļģāˇ ⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇœāļ§  āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āˇāļģāˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ´āļģāˇ’āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļ´āˇŠāļ­ āļˇāˇāˇ€āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ”āļŊāˇ”āˇƒāˇŠāˇƒāˇ āļ¯āļ¸āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ’āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇ–āļŊāļāˇāļ­āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļŸāļē.

⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ¯āˇ„āļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”, 1943 āļ´āˇ™āļļāļģāˇ€āˇāļģ⎒ 2 ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļą, ⎃⎊āļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎑āļŠāˇŠāˇ„⎒āļ¯āˇ“ āļģāļ­āˇ” ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇāˇ€ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļēāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļ§āˇŠ (āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇŠ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇāˇ€) āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē⎚ ⎄⎐āļģ⎀⎔āļ¸āˇŠ āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļąāˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎄āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē āļ¸āļ­āļ§ āļ†āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļšāļģāļšāˇāˇ€āˇ“ āļœāˇ’āļē āļ…āļ­āļģ ,āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎒āļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļļāˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚ ⎃āļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ­ āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āļŊ⎊ āˇ€āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ’āļē āļœāˇ’āļē⎄. 1945 āļ…āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļŊ⎊ 30 ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļą āˇ„āˇ’āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ”⎄⎔āļœāˇš āˇ„āˇ’āˇƒāˇŠ āļšāļļāļŊ ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎙āļŠāˇ’ āļ‹āļąāˇŠāļŠāļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļšāˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļą āˇ€āˇ’āļ§ āļģāļ§ āļąāļ§āļļ⎔āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ’.

āļ‘āļ­āˇāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļœāļąāļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ , āļ‘⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āļ…āļ´āļģāˇāļ° āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ‘āļšāļŸāļ­āˇāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ’. āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ­āˇ€āļ¯āˇ”āļģāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļ‘āˇƒāˇš āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇš. āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļģāļĸāļē ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇš 90 ⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ ⎃āļ‚⎀āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļģāļē ⎃āļ¸āļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš, āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎙āļ´āļģ⎊āļŠāˇŠ āļē⎔āļ° āļ§āˇāļ‚āļšāˇ’ āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇ’. āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒āļ¸āļē ⎀⎁āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļēāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļē⎔āļšāˇŠāļģ⎚āļąāļē⎚ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 80 āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģ ⎃⎊āļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎑āļŠāˇŠāˇ„⎒āļ¯āˇ“ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎖ āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļēāļ§ āļ´āļŊ⎒āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļąāļē⎒. 

āļąāˇšāļ§āˇ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ ⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎃⎊āļŽāˇāļąāļē  “⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļą āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļ°āˇāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āˇšāˇāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇāˇƒ āļšāˇ’⎄⎒āļ´āļēāļšāˇŠ  āļ­āˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāˇƒāˇš āļšāļŊāˇāļ´āˇ“āļē āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎔āļ¸āˇŠ ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļ­āˇ”āļąāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļšāˇƒāˇŠ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē⎒”, āļŠāļģ⎊ ⎃⎊āļ´āˇ“āļœāļŊāˇŠāˇ„āˇ’ ( Der Spiegel) āļ‘⎄⎒ āļąāˇ€āļ­āļ¸ āļąāˇ’āļšāˇ”āļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ āļšāļģāļē⎒. “āļļāˇœāˇ„āˇ āļ‡āļ¸āˇ”āļąāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āˇ’āļ­āˇ€ āļ¯āˇ”āļģāļšāļŽāļą āļąāˇāļ¸āˇāˇ€āļŊ⎒āļēāļš āļāļąāļšāļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ, ⎃āļē⎒āļļāļģ⎊ āļ…⎀āļšāˇāˇāļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§ āļˇāˇ–āļœāˇāļŊ⎓āļē āļ…⎀āļšāˇāˇāļēāļ§,  āˇƒāˇ„ āļąāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļš, āļœāˇ”⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļœāˇœāļŠāļļ⎒āļ¸āˇŠ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ, āļšāˇ’āļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļą āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ āļ¸āˇāļąāļēāļąāˇŠāˇ„⎒ āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ€āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’āļ¯ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ­āļģāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļšāˇ€ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļģāļē⎒.”āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļ­āļģ, āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇŠ‍āļēāˇ‚āˇŠāļ§āˇ’āļš āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļąāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļļāļŊ⎀āļ­āˇ™āļšāˇ” ⎀āļą āļ āˇ“āļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ‡āļģāļšāˇ’āļē  āļē⎔āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ¯āˇ™āļšāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ„āˇœāļ­āˇŠ ⎄āļ­āļģāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠā āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļœāˇāļą āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯ āļĸ⎙āļąāļģāˇāļŊāˇŠāˇ€āļģ⎔  ⎃āļ¸āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļąāļē āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ­āˇ’.

⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎓āļ­āˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ”āļŊ⎊āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­. āļ”⎄⎔ āļąāˇšāļ§āˇāˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ”āļģ⎊āļą āˇƒāˇ„āļē āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļē⎔āļ° āļ§āˇāļ‚āļšāˇ’ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃āļļ⎊āļ¸āˇāļģ⎓āļą āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļœāļēāļ§ āļ¸āˇ„ ⎄āļŦ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ´āˇœāļŊ⎃āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­.

āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē⎚ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎔āļ­āˇŠāļŽāˇāļ´āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļœāļąāļąāˇāˇ€āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ¸ āļ†āļģāļ¸āˇŠāļˇ āˇ€āˇ’āļē. 1980 āļœāļąāļąāˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļĨ āļ…āļģ⎊āļąāˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āļąāˇœāļŊ⎊āļ§āˇš āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” āļ”āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇāļļāļģ⎊ ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊ⎀āļē āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ­āˇšāļģ⎔āļ¸āˇŠ āļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎖āļ´āļąāļē āļšāļŊ ⎀⎒āļ§, āļ”⎄⎔ “āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļĨāļē⎒āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ†āļģ⎀⎔āļŊ” āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎄āļŗāˇ”āļąāˇŠāˇ€āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšāˇāļ´āļē⎚ āļšāˇ”āļąāˇāļ§āˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠāļąāˇšāļē.

āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ 2014 āļ¯āˇ“ ⎄āļ¸āˇŠāļļāˇāļŊ⎊āļ§āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļŊāļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ„āˇāļ āˇāļģ⎊āļē āļĸāˇāļģ⎊āļœāˇŠ āļļāˇāļļāļģāˇœāˇ€āˇŠāˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇ’ , āļŠāļģ⎊ ⎃⎊āļ´āˇ“āļœāļŊāˇŠāˇ„āˇ’ āļąāˇœāļŊ⎊āļ§āˇš āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎔āļ­āˇŠāļŽāˇāļ´āļąāļē āļšāļģ â€œāˇ„āˇ’āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļ¯āˇ”āˇ‚āˇŠāļ§āļē⎙āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇšâ€ āļē⎐āļē⎒ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāļŊ ⎀⎒āļ§, āļļāˇāļļāļģāˇœāˇ€āˇŠāˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇ’⎀ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇ€āˇ’āˇ€āˇšāļ āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ, āļ¸āˇāļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāļ´āˇ’āļ­āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļšāˇāļ´āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļąāļ­āˇ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļēāļ§ (Sozialistische Gleichheitspartei, SGP) āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ ⎀⎒āļē.  āļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļĸ⎓āļ´āˇ“āļē āļ‘āļšāļŊ āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ āļšāļŊ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’, ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎔āļ­āˇŠāļŽāˇāļ´āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģāˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎊āļĸ⎓⎀āļąāļē ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļšāļŊ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ  ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļ­  ⎀⎒āļē.

āļē⎔āļšāˇŠāļģ⎚āļąāļē⎚ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ­āˇ„⎀⎔āļģ⎔ ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļē , ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊāļ­āļ¸ āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­ āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļąāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎀⎐āļŠāˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ  āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļšāļŠāļ­āˇ”āļģāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ ⎃āļ´āļēāˇ āļ‡āļ­. āļąāˇšāļ§āˇāˇ€āˇš āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ¯āļē āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ¯āˇ’āļœ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ™āˇ€āˇŠāˇ„āˇ’ 2014 āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļąāļē ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē ⎄⎒āļ­āˇāļ¸āļ­āˇāļ¸ āļšāˇ”āļ´āˇ’āļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯āˇ“. āļ‘āļē āļ°āļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ āļœāˇāļšāˇ”āļģ⎔ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀āļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļą āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļļāļŊ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļŊāˇāļšāļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ āļąāˇŠāļŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļēāļŊ⎒ āļļ⎙āļ¯āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāļšāˇ’. āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ‰āļŊāļšāˇŠāļšāļē ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļšāˇ”āļŠāˇ”āļ´āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ…āļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āļˇāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļļ⎙āļ¯āˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļ āˇ“āļąāļē ⎀āļ§āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļē⎒.

āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇšāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āļē⎔āļšāˇŠāļģ⎚āļąāļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” āļ†āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļąāļē āˇƒāˇāļ°āˇāļģāļąāˇ“āļšāļģāļąāļē āļąāˇœāļšāļģāļē⎒. āļ´āˇ”āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­‍⎊‍āļģāļē āļ¸āˇ–āļģ⎊āļ­āˇ’āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš 1991 āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļēāļ§āˇŠ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ”āļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ ⎄⎐āļģ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāļœāļ­ āˇ€āˇ– āļ¯āˇšāļ´āļŊ āļšāˇœāļŊ⎊āļŊāļšāˇ‘ āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” āļšāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļēāˇāļ°āˇ’āļšāˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇ āļē. āļąāˇšāļ§āˇāˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļē, 1917 āļ”āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇāļļāļģ⎊ ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊ⎀āļē⎚ āļĸāļēāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļą āˇ€āˇ’āļąāˇāˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ¸āˇ’āļŊāļē⎒. āļļāļģ⎊āļŊ⎒āļąāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€āˇœāˇ‚āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ§āļąāļē, 1943 ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊āļœāˇš āļē⎔āļ¯ āļ§āˇāļ‚āļšāˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇƒāˇāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎀⎖ āļ¯āˇš, āļąāˇšāļ§āˇāˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ„  āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ™āˇ€āˇŠāˇ„āˇ’  āļ‘⎄⎒ āļģ⎖āļšāļŠāļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„āˇāļē āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀,  āˇƒāˇāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„ āļšāļģāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļąāˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ’āļšāˇāļļāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļąāˇ’.

⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ´āˇāļŠāļ¸āˇŠ

⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊āļœāˇš āļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļ“āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļš āļ´āˇāļŠāļ¸āˇŠ , āļ…āļ¯āļ§ āļ¯āˇāˇ€āˇ™āļą āļ…āļ¯āˇāļŊāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­. āļļāˇœāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎒āļ§ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļąāˇ  āļ¯āˇ™āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ§āˇ„⎐āļąāˇ’⎀, āļ”⎄⎔ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ†āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āļļāļŊ āļģ⎄⎒āļ­ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļšāļŊ āļĸāļąāļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļē āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇš.āļ”⎄⎔āļ§ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļļāļŊāļē āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇāļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āļąāˇœāļšāļŊ⎚, āļ‘āļē āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą, āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āˇƒāˇ„ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļˇāˇ–āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ”⎄⎔āļ§ āļˇāˇāļģ āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļē.

1933 āļ¯āˇ“ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠ āļ āˇāļąāˇŠāˇƒāļŊāļģ⎊ āļ°āˇ”āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ ⎀āļą āˇ€āˇ’āļ§, ⎀āļē⎒āļ¸āļģ⎊ āļĸāļąāļģāļĸāļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļļāˇœāˇ„āˇ āļšāļŊāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģā ⎀⎒āļąāˇāˇ āļšāļģ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ’. āļ´āˇ™āļģ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ­āˇ”āļąāļšāˇŠ āļ­āˇ”āļŊā , āļ āˇāļąāˇŠāˇƒāļŊāļģāˇŠāˇ€āļģ⎔āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇš āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠ āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļēāˇ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļąāˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇ„āļ¯āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļœ āˇ„āļģāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎒āļē.

āļļāļŊāˇāļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ” āˇƒāˇ”āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎖ āļ´āļŊāļ¸āˇ” āļŊāˇāļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļ¸āļē⎚ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠ, āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ¸āļąāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļ…⎀āļ´āˇāļ­āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļąāˇāˇ ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ ⎃⎊āļŽāļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļœāˇ’āļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāˇœāļ¸āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļē⎚  āļ°āļĸāļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļ…āļąāˇ™āļšāˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎒āļģ⎄⎒āļ­ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāˇŠā āļ‘āļšāļ­āˇ” āļšāļģāļœāļ­āˇŠ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊āļœāˇš āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļŠāˇ“āļ’āļ´āˇ“ āļē  [ NSDAP], 1932 āļœāˇ’āļ¸āˇŠāˇ„āˇāļąāļē⎚āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‘⎄⎒ āˇ„āˇœāļŗāļ¸ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļĩāļŊāļē āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļŊāļļāˇ āļœāļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļēāļ§ 37āļšāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļąāˇ’. āļ‰āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļ”⎄⎔āļœāˇš āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļēāļ§ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎖ āˇƒāˇ„āļēāˇāļœāļē āļ‰āļšāˇŠāļ¸āļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļļ⎒āļŗ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ”āļąāˇ’. āļ¸āˇāˇƒ ⎄āļ­āļģāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļąāˇ€ āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠāļ§āˇāļœāˇŠ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļąāļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎖ ⎀⎒āļ§, āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āļ¯āˇ™āļš, ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļąāˇŠ (āļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“) āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāˇœāļ¸āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē (āļšāˇšāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“) āļ’āļšāˇāļļāļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€  āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āļŠāˇ ⎃⎐āļŊāļšāˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āļĄāļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāļļāˇ āļœāļ­āˇŠāˇ„. āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē āļļāļ‚āļšāˇœāļŊ⎜āļ­āˇŠ āļˇāˇāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ™āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļ¯āˇ’⎀⎒ āļąāˇƒāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇ€āˇ āļšāļŊ⎊āļ´āļąāˇ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē.

āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļē⎚, āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠ āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇœāļąāˇŠ ⎄⎒āļąāˇŠāļŠāļąāˇŠāļļāļģ⎊āļœāˇŠ ⎀āļ§āˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļšāˇ”āļŠāˇ āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļąāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊āļ§ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎀ āļ­āˇ“āļģāļąāļē āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļŊāļ¯āˇ“. āļ¸āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇāˇ€ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āļąāˇ”āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ‚āļĨāˇ āļšāļŊ⎄. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļē āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ”⎄⎔āļœāˇš āļ…āļˇāˇ’āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļē ⎀⎐āļģāļ¯āˇ’ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎀āļ§āˇ„āˇ āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļąāˇœāˇ€, āļ”⎄⎔ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļšāˇŠāļ¯ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇœāļŗāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļą āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇāļē.

1932 āļĸāļąāˇ€āˇāļģ⎒ āļ¸āˇƒ āļ­āļģāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇ”āļŊāļ¯āˇ“, ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē āļ…āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’ āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āˇƒāˇ„ “āļļāˇāļŊāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ™āˇ€āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē” āļ¸āļģ⎊āļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļąāˇ€ āļŊ⎙āļļ⎙āļąāˇŠāˇƒāˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļ¸āˇŠ (āļĸ⎓⎀āļą āļ…⎀āļšāˇāˇāļē) āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āļŠāˇ”āˇƒāļŊ⎊āļŠāˇāˇ†āˇŠ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāļēāļ§ āļšāļŊ āļšāļ­āˇāˇ€āļšāļ¯āˇ“ , āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļš āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸ⎒āļ­āļē⎒āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎒āļē. āļ‰āļŗāˇ„⎒āļ§ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ-⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ āˇ€āˇāļ āˇāļŊ āļšāļ­āˇ āļ‡āļ¯āļļāˇāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎔⎀āļ¯ ,  āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎒āļš āļ¯āˇšāļ´āļŊ āļ‹āļŊ⎊āļŊāļ‚āļāļąāļē āļąāˇœāļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇ„āˇ āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ†āļ¯āˇāļēāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎒⎂āļ¸āļ­āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļ§  āļ…āļˇāˇ’āļēāˇāļœ āļąāˇœāļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ”⎄⎔ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļ­āˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇ’āļē.

āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āļˇāˇāļģāļœāˇ™āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļą āˇ„āļ­āļģāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”  ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊, āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āļģ⎒⎀ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎒āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎃āļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ”āļģ⎔ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļģāļē⎒āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ™āļģ⎊ ⎄⎒ (āļ‘āļšāļŊ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇŠ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇāˇ€) āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”⎀⎒āļē. “āļĸāļąāˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļœāˇ’āļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāˇšâ€ ⎀⎐āļ¯āļœāļ­āˇŠāļšāļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āˇ„āļŗāˇ”āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ ⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ  āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀, “āļ†āļē⎔āļ° āļ…āļ­āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀  āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€āļœāˇš āļĸ⎓⎀āļą āļ…⎀āļšāˇāˇāļē āļ´āˇ”āļŊ⎔āļŊ⎊ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§â€ āļ”⎄⎔ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎒āļē. āļ´āˇ–āļģāˇŠāˇ€ āļšāˇœāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇšāˇƒāˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ, “āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāļŠāˇāļšāļ´āˇŠāļ´āļŊ⎊āļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļ¸āļ­āļēāļšāˇŠāļ¸ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ āļ‹āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸ āļ†āļšāˇāļģāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļēāļ§āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”” āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, “āļ¸āˇāļšāˇŠāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļąāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āļąāˇāˇ āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”” āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļ”⎄⎔ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇƒāˇ“āļē.

āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļœāˇŠāļ°āļąāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒āļē,  ⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎖ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ­āˇ“āļģāļąāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ  āļ°āļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāļŗāˇ’āļē āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ āˇāļģ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ–⎄. āļē⎔āļģāˇāļ´āļē⎚ āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļ§ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀⎖ āļĸ⎀ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āļąāˇŠāļą āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇƒāˇāļģāļąāļē āļšāļŊ ⎄⎐āļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ āļąāˇŠāļŠāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļēāļ§āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļē. āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āļ¸āļģ⎊āļ¯āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē āļšāˇ”āļŠāˇ”āļ´āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” ⎀⎒āļē.

āļ¸āˇš āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ”⎀ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­āļ­āˇŠ āˇ†āˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āļļāļŊāˇ€āˇšāļœ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļąāļē ⎀⎙āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ“. āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē , āˇ†āˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ  ‘āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎒āļšāļŊ⎊āļ´āļē’ (Alternative for Germany āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē -AfD) āļ´āˇāļģ⎊āļŊ⎒āļ¸āˇšāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’ ⎀⎓ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļģāļąāˇāļœāļ­āļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯āˇšāˇāˇ“āļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļ­āļ§ āļ…āļą āļšāļģāļą , āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļē⎚ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇš.  āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļĸāļąāļ´āļ¯āļē⎚ āļ§āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇŠāļœāˇš āļģ⎒āļ´āļļ⎊āļŊ⎒āļšāˇāļąāˇ”⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļļ⎊‍āļģāˇƒāˇ“āļŊāļē⎚ āļļ⎜āļŊ⎊⎃⎜āļąāˇāļģāˇāļœāˇš āļ†āļ°āˇāļģāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ āˇ†āˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ‰āļ­āˇāļŊ⎒āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ”āˇƒāˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇ’āļœāˇš āļ‹āļģ⎔āļ¸āļšāˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļģāļĸāļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļąāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ¯āļģāļ­āˇ’.

āļ¸āˇ‘āļ­ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ⎀āļŊ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ°āļąāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ ⎀āļą  āļ…⎁⎒āļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎒āļ­ āˇƒāˇāļ¯āļē (orgy) āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āļļ⎒āļŗāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļ§ āļ­āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎔ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸āļąāˇ”āˇ‚āˇŠ‍āļē ⎀āļģ⎊āļœāļēāˇāļœāˇš āļ¯āˇ”āļ´āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļˇāˇāļœāļēāļ§ āˇ€āļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āļ°āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’⎄⎒āļ´āļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļ­āˇ”āļē. āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļ¸ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ°āļąāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸ⎒āļ­āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯ – āļ‰āˇ„āļŊāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļēāļ§ 10 ā –  āļ´āˇœāˇ„āˇœāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­. āļ…āļ¯, āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģāˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎀āļŠāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļœāļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸, āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ  āˇƒāˇāļ¯āˇāļŊāļē⎒. āļŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļĸ⎓⎀āļą āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāˇ€āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­, ⎁⎊‍āļģāļ¸ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āˇ āļšāˇœāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇšāˇƒāˇ’ ⎀āļŠ āˇ€āļŠāˇāļ­āˇŠ āļ¯āļģāˇāļœāļ­ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎀⎙āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ“, āļŊāˇœāˇ€ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļĸāļą āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļēāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ“.

āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļēāļ§ āˇ„āˇ āˇ†āˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎃āļ§āļą āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎛⎂āļē⎒āļš āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸ āļ¸āˇ™āļēāļē⎒. 1933 āļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļēāļą 13āļšāˇŠ ⎀⎖ āļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāˇšāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“ āļĄāļąāˇŠāļ¯āļ¯āˇāļēāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ„āˇ’āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļąāˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’⎀ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ’. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āˇŠāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āļšāļŊ⎄. āļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“āļē ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļąāˇ’āˇāˇŠāļ āˇ’āļ­āˇ€āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļŊ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎄⎒āļąāˇŠāļŠāļąāˇŠāļļāļģ⎊āļœāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļ­ āļ†āļēāˇāļ āļąāˇ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. ⎃⎊āļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļļāļŊāļ´āˇ‘āļ¸ āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļšāˇšāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“āļē āļļāļŊ⎄⎓āļą āˇ„āˇ ⎀⎒āļšāˇāļģ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļŊ⎚āļē.  āļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“āļē, â€œāˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸ āˇ†āˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļąāˇŠâ€ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎄āļŗāˇ”āļąāˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļąāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļąāļšāˇŠ āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸ āļšāˇšāļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ“⎓āļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē.

“āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ°āļą āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇ˜āļ­āˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ­āļ¸ āļ‰āļŊāļšāˇŠāļšāļē ⎃āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ­āļģāļ¸āˇŠ ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļē, āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ…āˇƒāļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļļ⎀ āļ”āļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇ” ⎀⎒āļē,” āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļąāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ™āˇ„āˇ™āˇƒ āļąāˇœāļļāļŊāˇ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŊ āļŊ⎒āļē⎜āļąāˇŠ āļ§āˇŠ‍āļģ⎜āļ§āˇŠāˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇ’ āļŊ⎒⎀⎓āļē.

āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 90āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āˇ€āˇ–āˇ€āˇāļšāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ, āˇ†āˇāˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģāˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒ āļœāļ¸āļą āļąāˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļąāˇ’. ⎄āļ­āļģ⎀āļą āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģāļē⎚ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļĸāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇ” āļ…āļ‚⎁āļē ⎀āļą āļ‘āˇƒāˇŠāļĸ⎓āļ´āˇ“āļē (Sozialistische Gleichheitspartei -SGP), āļ‘⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāļ§ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ¯āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāļœāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ­āˇ’.

⎄⎒āļ§āˇŠāļŊāļģ⎊ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 90āļšāˇŠ: āļ´āˇ€āˇŠāļšāˇāļģ ⎃āļ‚⎀āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļģāļēāļšāˇŠ Read More Âģ

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āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģāļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎒āļšāļ§ āļģ⎖āļ´: āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ āļģ⎊āļēāˇāˇ€

āļąāļąāˇŠāļ¯āļą āļąāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇ’.

“Over 1000 workers protest in Colombo against Sri Lanka government’s attacks” (⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ 1000āļšāļ§ āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļšāļģāļ­āˇ’) āļēāļą āˇ„āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃⎐āļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 1āļ¯āˇ āļŊāˇāļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎀⎙āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē⎚ (āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ…) āļ´āļŊāļšāļŊ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļšāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ˜ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ™āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē⎚  āļ“āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€āˇāˇƒāļąāˇ“āļēāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ´āļŊ⎔āļ¯āˇ” āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļŊāļ¯ āˇƒāˇāļ´āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ āļąāˇœāˇƒāˇāļŊāļšāˇ’āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­āļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āļģ⎊⎁āļąāļē āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļąāļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļē⎔⎄āļœāļ­ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļēāļ§āļ­āļ§ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āļŊ⎊ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļ‘āļšāļ­āˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇ” āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ…āļœāˇāˇƒāˇŠāļ­āˇ” 28 āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļą āļŊāļ¯āˇ“. āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ’ āļœāˇāļą āļē. ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą 40āļš āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇ”āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ”āļąāˇ” āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’, āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎀āļŊ, āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļ¸ āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāˇ€āļŊ āˇ„āˇ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļąāˇœāˇ€āļą āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāˇ€āļŊ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸ⎒āļ­āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔⎀ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ 300āļ§ āļļ⎙⎄⎙⎀⎒āļąāˇŠ ā āļ…āļŠāˇ” āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļąāļēāļšāˇ’. (āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āļšāˇ™āļ§āˇ’ ⎀⎓āļŠāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļļāļŊāļąāˇŠāļą CACPS Facebook āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ)

⎄āļ­āļģ ⎀āļą āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģāļē⎚ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”āˇ€āˇš (⎄āļĸāļĸāˇāļš) āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļą āļ‹āļ´āļšāļģāļąāļē ⎀āļą āļŊāˇāļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎀⎙āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē āļŊāˇāļš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļąāˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļē ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļšāļēāˇ, āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ āˇāļģāļšāļēāˇ āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāˇ“āļģ⎊āļ­āˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‹āˇƒāˇ”āļŊāļą āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļŊāˇāļš āļ¸āˇāļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļē āļē⎒. āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚ ⎃āļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ­ āļ´āˇāļ¨āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇ–⎄āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ›āļąāˇ’āļš āˇ€ āļ´āļģ⎒⎄āļģāļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ‘āļē, āļąāˇ’āļģāˇŠāˇ€āļ¯āˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€, ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāļŊāˇšāˇ‚āļąāļē āˇ„āˇ āļ…āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āļļ⎀ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļ‘⎄⎒ ⎃āļ­āˇ”āļģāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ´āˇ€āˇ āļœāˇžāļģ⎀āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļē. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āļ¯āˇāļąāļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ‘āļš āļ¸ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļ¸āˇāļ°āˇŠ‍āļē ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļēāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļģ āļ¯ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇ āļšāˇ’⎄⎒āļ´āļēāļš āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ™āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē⎚ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļšāļ­āˇ˜ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ´āļŊ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āļ…āļ´āļœāˇš ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļē āļ´āļŊ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.  

â€œāˇ€āˇ’āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āˇ„āˇ āļģāļ§āˇš āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļąāˇ“āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ ⎃āļ‚āˇāˇāļ°āļą āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇƒāˇŠ āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ 1200āļšāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ, 28 āļ¯āˇ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ¯āˇ’āˇ€āˇ āļ†āˇ„āˇāļģ āļ´āˇāļē⎚ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļšāļŊāˇ„â€ āļē⎒ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ¯āˇœāˇƒāˇŠ āļ­āļļāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ€ āļ¯āˇ”āļģāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ¸āˇš āļ­āļģāļ¸āˇŠ ⎄⎓āļą āˇ€āˇ–āļē⎚ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļšāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļē⎚ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎓āļ¸ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļē āļē⎒ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’. āļŠāļ§ āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ”⎀ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ ⎀⎔⎀āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’āļšāļ¸ āˇ„āˇ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļšāļģ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ’āˇ€āˇāļē⎚ āļšāˇāļ´āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļē.    

āļ¸āˇš ⎀āļąāˇāˇ„⎓ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ “āļšāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļē” āļēāļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļģāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ¯āˇ™āļēāļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€āļ§ āļ”āļļ⎊āļļāˇ€āˇ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇ€āˇ’āļšāˇ˜āļ­āˇ’āļēāļšāˇ’.  āļ¸āˇ™āˇƒāˇš āļ­āļģ⎊āļš āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāˇŠ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŊ⎐āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ“āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ‘āļ¸ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ…⎀āļąāļ­āˇ€ āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļœāļąāļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļģ⎜āļ¯ āļļ⎐āļŗ āļœāļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļē. āļ¸āˇ™āˇƒāˇš āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎒āļēāļ¯āˇ“āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇœāļŊāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎐⎄⎐āļģ āļšāļ§āˇ”āļąāˇāļēāļš āļąāˇ’āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļŊāļŗ āļšāļŊāˇāļ´āļē⎚ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖ āļļ⎀ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āļšāˇ’āļēāļē⎒. ⎃āļ¸āˇƒāˇŠāļ­ āˇƒāļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’⎁āļ­āļēāļ¯ āļ¯āˇāļ¸ āļœāļąāļąāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀ âŖāļšāˇ€ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļąāˇāļ­. āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ, ⎃⎐āļļ⎀⎒āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ, āļ¯āˇœāļŊāˇ„āˇš āļ´āˇāļēāļ§ āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļē⎜āļ¯āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļœāļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļ¸ āļ…⎄āļŊāļ´āˇ„āļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€ āļ‹āļ¯āˇāļšāļģ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāļœāˇ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āˇ€āˇ– āļ‹āļ´āˇāļē ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇš āļ¯? ⎀⎛⎂āļē⎒āļš āˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇāļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎒ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļē. āļąāˇ’āļ¯āˇƒāˇ”āļąāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ, āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļļ⎐āļšāˇ” āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļĢāļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļ‡āļŸāˇ“āļŊ⎒ āļœāˇāļą āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎃āļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāˇ€āļšāˇ’. āļ‘⎄⎒ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ…⎀āļ§ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀āļŊ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ…āˇƒāļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āˇšāˇāļē āļ‰āļŠ āļ¸āļ¯āˇ’ ⎀āļą āļļ⎀ āļšāˇ’⎀ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļąāˇœ āˇ€āˇš.

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āˇ€āˇšāļ­āˇŠ, āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇšāļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇ’āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ” āļ´āˇāļē āˇ„āˇ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠ āļœāˇāļą āļļāļŊāˇ āļąāˇœ ⎀āļą āļļ⎀ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‡āļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āļĸ⎓⎀⎒āļ­ āļ´āˇ€āˇ āļąāˇœ āļ­āļšāˇ āļļ⎀ āˇƒāˇāļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠ‍āļē āļ¯āˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ”āļąāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāˇ™āļąāˇ™āļšāˇ”āļ§ āļ…⎀āļļāˇāļ° āˇ€āˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ â€˜āļšāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļē’ āļēāļą āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸāļē āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ´āļ§āˇ€āˇ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš ⎄⎔āļ¯āˇ™āļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ†āļ­āˇŠāļ¸āˇ“āļē ⎀⎔⎀āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļœāˇāļŊāļ´āˇ™āļą āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļē. āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’, 5000āļš āļ´āļ¸āļą āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒāļš āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ…āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļŊāˇ āļē. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ’āļŊ⎒⎄⎓ āļēāļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ§āļąāļš āļąāˇāļ¸āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļ‚āļ¸āˇ”āļŊāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ ⎀āļ§āˇ āļģ⎜āļšāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļœāļąāˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļļāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇāļē⎒ āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āļģ⎊⎁āļąāļē āļšāļģ  āˇ€āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇāļēāļš āļœāļąāˇ”āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļē. āļ‘āļē āļļāˇœāˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ ⎀āļ§āˇ„āˇāļœāˇ™āļą āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē⎄. āļ¸āˇš āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇāļļ⎐⎀⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļąāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ 5%āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āˇƒāļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļąāˇ’.

āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļœāˇ’āļē āļšāˇāļŊ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ āˇŠāļĄāˇšāļ¯āļē āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇ™āˇƒāˇ” āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’āļē⎚ āļšāˇāļœāˇš āˇ„āˇ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎓āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļ‹āļŠ āļąāˇœ ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļ‘āļšāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļ‘āļšāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļĩāļŊāļē āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ­āˇāˇ€āļšāˇāļŊ⎒āļš āˇ€ ⎄āļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ­āˇ’. āļ‘āˇƒāˇš āļąāˇœ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎔āļąāļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“⎀⎒āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ›āˇ‚āļē⎒āļš āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‹āļšāˇŠāļ­ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ ‘āļšāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļē’āļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¸āˇ āļąāˇœ āļšāļŊ⎚ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļœāļąāļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀ āļ´āˇāļ¨āļšāļēāˇāļ§ āļ’āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ” āļœāˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ™āļģ āļ¯āļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļē āļšāļģ⎔āļąāˇ” āļ´āˇāļ¯āˇ”āļģ āļēāļ§āļ§ āļ­āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎔ āļšāļģ āļ¯āļ¸āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’.

āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āˇšāļŊāļąāļē⎚ āļ‘āļ¸āˇŠ.āļŠāˇ“.āļ†āļģ⎊. āļ…āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ› āˇ€ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāļšāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļˇāˇāļœāˇ’āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļ‘āļ¯āˇ’āļąāļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇš āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļą āļ´āˇ”āˇƒāˇŠāļ­āļšāˇāļŊ‌ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎀āļąāˇāļœāˇāļģāļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļą. āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļą āļļāļŊ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļˇāˇ€āļē ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎖ āļ†āļēāˇāļĸāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ”āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ”āļ› āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊ āļ…āļŊāˇāļˇ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ‘āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļļāļŊ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē (āļŊāļ‚⎀⎓āļ¸) ⎄āļ¯āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ āļ¯āˇ“ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļšāļŽāˇ’āļšāļēāˇ āļ āˇāļ¯āļąāˇ āļšāļŊāˇ āļē. āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļą āļļāļŊ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļą āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļœāļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ™āļą āļļ⎀ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāļ§ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ” āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇāļœāˇāļģāļē⎚ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāļšāˇŠ āļ¯ āˇƒāļ¸āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļ­ āˇ€āˇ–āļē⎚ āļ‘āļšāˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļœāļ¸āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļšāļģ⎀āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ…āļē⎀āļŊ⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇ’. āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļąāˇ’⎀⎐āļģāļ¯āˇ’ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ¸āˇāļ¯āˇ’⎄āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļą āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļ‘āļšāˇ“ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ, āļŠāļŊāļŸāļ§ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ ⎀⎖⎄. āˇ€āˇšāļ¯āˇ’āļšāˇ āļ¯āˇ™āļ¯āļģ⎀āļą āļļ⎒āļģāˇ”āˇƒāļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļąāļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāļŗāļą āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļēāˇāļ§ āļšāļąāˇŠāļšāˇ™āļŗāˇ’āļģ⎒ āļœāˇ‘āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āļąāˇ, ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļˇāˇāļœāˇ’āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļ­ āˇ€āˇšāˇ€āˇ, EPF āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎚ āˇƒāˇāļ¸āˇāļĸ⎒āļš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļ­ āˇ€āˇšāˇ€āˇ, āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļŊ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸ āˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇāļ°āˇŠ‍āļē ⎀⎐āļŠ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļŊāļšāˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇš āļąāˇāļ­. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯āˇ”āļœāˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ”āļ§āˇŠāļ§āˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āļąāˇœāļ­āˇāļšāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇ€āļģ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯?

āˇ€āˇƒāļģāļšāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļ…āļŠāˇ” āļšāˇāļŊāļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģ āļ´āˇāļģ⎊āļŊ⎒āļ¸āˇšāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āˇ„āˇ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸ⎒āļ­āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎖ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€āļ§ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’āļšāˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇ” āļšāˇāļŊ⎓āļą āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āļąāˇœ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāļ§ āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļœāˇāļ§āļŊ⎔⎀ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇāļļ⎑ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļ¸āļē āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎀āļ§āˇ„āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇœ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎀⎓āļ¸ āˇ„āˇ, āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ­āˇ” ⎀⎒āļšāļŊ⎊āļ´ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇ āļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļēāļšāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļŠāļ§ āļ¸āļŸ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āļą āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāļ­āˇ’āļļ⎓āļ¸ āļē. āļ…āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļēāļšāļ§ āļ¸āˇš āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ āļē. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎀⎐āļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ, āļ´āˇāļšāˇ’āļŊ⎓āļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇœāļģ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļąāļē āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļē. āļ’ āˇ€āļąāˇāˇ„⎒, āļ¯āˇāļąāļ§āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļ¯āļąāˇŠāļąāˇ ⎀⎒āļē⎔āļšāˇŠāļ­ āˇƒāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļąāˇŠ āļĸ⎓⎀āļ¸āˇāļą āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āˇāļ§āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇ”āˇƒāˇ“āļ­ āļˇāˇāˇ€āˇ’āļ­āļē⎙⎄⎒ āļœāˇāļŊ⎓, ‘āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ€āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­’ āļēāļą āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļē āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļ´āˇƒ āļ¯āˇœāļģ⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ¸ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ āļ†āļšāˇāļģāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎀āļą, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļ‹āˇ€āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāļšāļģ⎊⎁āļēāļ§ āļąāˇāļ‚⎀⎓āļ¸āˇš āļ†āļ­āˇŠāļ¸āˇ“āļēāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ¯ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ¯āˇ˜āļŠ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļļ⎐āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļšāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļšāˇ’.

āļ’ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§, “āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ“āļ¸āˇ’āļ­ āˇ€āˇ’āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇāˇ€āļē āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎔āļąāˇš āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļąāļē ⎀āļą āļšāˇāļ´āļē ⎃āļ¸āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļē” āļē⎒ āļēāļą āˇƒāˇāļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠ‍āļēāļē⎓āļšāļģāļąāļē āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇ” ⎃āļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļē āļ‹āļšāˇŠāļ­ āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļąāˇ’āˇ€āˇšāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ â€œāˇ€āˇ’āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ ⎃⎐āļļ⎑ āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą āˇ„āˇ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ’āļš āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļļāļŊāļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļœāˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­â€ āļēāļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‘⎄⎒ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¯ āļ‘⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āļ¸ āˇƒāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļšāˇ’. āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āļšāˇŠ, āļ…āļ´ āˇ„āļ¸āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇœāˇ„āˇœāļ­āˇš āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āˇƒāļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āļšāļģ⎔āļąāˇ” āļ­āˇ”āļŊ ⎀⎒āļ¸āļģ⎊⎁āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇœāļģ ⎀, āļ¸āˇšāˇ€āˇ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ­āļ¸ āļ”āļŊ⎔⎀āļ§ āļ‘āļą āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļ­āļ­āˇŠ‍āļē āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸āˇŠ ⎄⎐āļŠ āļœāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļēāˇ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āˇāļ§āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļēāļ­āˇŠāļą āļ¯āˇāļģ⎓āļ¸ āļŊāˇœāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āļ…āļąāˇ”āļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇāļšāˇŠāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎀⎒āļ°āˇ’āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ¸ āˇ„āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔ āļē.    

āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļē āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļ¯ āļ¯-āˇƒāˇāˇ‚āļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ ⎄⎒ āļ´āļŊ āļšāļŊ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ˜āļšāˇāˇ€ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ â€œāˇƒāļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļģāļŸ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠ ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļąāˇāļŠāļœāļ¸â€ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļē⎒. āļ’ āļ…āļ´ āˇƒāˇœāļēāˇāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ⎔āļąāˇ” āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāļŊāˇšāˇ‚āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎐⎃āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļœāļ¸āļąāļēāļē⎒. āļ‘āļē āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’, ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“āļšāļģāˇ€āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ…āˇƒāˇ“āļģ⎔āļ­āˇāˇ€āļšāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļ­āˇ’. “āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ§āˇ”āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎙āļšāˇ” ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļąāˇāļœāļ¸āˇ”⎀ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀ āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļąāˇœ ⎀⎓ āļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āļ¸āˇāˇƒāˇ’⎀⎒āļŊ⎒ āļąāļœāˇ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎒āļąāˇ’. ‘āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚ 22 āļ´āļ¸āļą āˇ€āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļœāˇāļą āˇƒāˇ’āļ­āˇ āļļāļŊāļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­āˇāļē⎒ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€āˇāˇƒ āļšāļģāļą’ āļļ⎀ āļ”⎄⎔ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. āļ´āˇœāļ¯āˇ”āˇ€āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāļœāļ­āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš, “āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎀āļąāˇāˇ„⎓ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ¸ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļģ⎐āļš āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ”āˇ€āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’, āļ¸āˇāļŠ, āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļē⎒.” āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļąāˇŠ āļœāˇāļą āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€āˇāˇƒāļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀ āļ¯, āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ”āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ”āļ› āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģāļē āļ‹āˇƒāˇ’āļœāˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļļ⎀ āļ¯ āļ…āļ´āˇ’ āļ‘āļ¸ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģ⎔āļąāˇ” āˇƒāˇ„āˇ’āļ­ āˇ€ āļ­āˇ„⎀⎔āļģ⎔ āļšāļŊ⎙āļ¸āˇ”. 

⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļąāˇāļ§āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļąāˇāļŠāļœāļ¸āļšāˇ’, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎒āļœāļŠāļ¸ āļšāˇ’. āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎓āļ¸āˇŠ āļąāˇœāļŊ⎐āļļ⎔āļąāˇ„āˇœāļ­āˇŠ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļŊāļą āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇ€āˇ„āˇƒāˇ’ āļļ⎃⎊ āļ¯āˇ™āļŠāˇ– ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ, āļ´āˇ™āļŊāļ´āˇāļŊ⎒āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ¸āˇ„ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļēāļą āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļŗāļšāˇŠ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļēāļ§ āļœāˇ’āļē⎄. “95(1) ⎀āļœāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļģ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļ”āļēāļœāˇœāļŊ⎊āļŊāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ…āļą āļšāļģāļąāˇ€āˇâ€āļē⎒ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ‡āļąāˇ€āˇ– āļšāļŊ, “āļ…āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļ‘⎄⎙āļ¸ (āļ´āˇ™āļŊāļ´āˇāļŊ⎒) āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļ•āļąāˇ‘ āļšāļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ‘. āļ¸āˇšāļš āļ…āļ¯ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™ āļąāˇ‘ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļēāļšāˇŠ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļą, āļ…āļ´āˇ’ (āļ­āˇ€ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļēāļ§) āļēāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™ āļąāˇāˇ„āˇâ€ āļē⎒ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ´āļŽ āˇ€āˇ–āˇ„. āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļē⎔⎄āļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļąāˇ‘ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļ‡āļ­āˇāļ¸āˇ™āļšāˇ” ⎄āļŦ āļąāˇāļœāˇ– ⎀⎒āļ§, āļ’ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§ â€œāļ…āļ¯ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™ āļąāˇ‘ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇâ€ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāˇāļē⎒ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎔āļ¸āˇŠ āļˇāˇāļģ⎀ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļąāˇ’āļē⎙āļšāˇ” ⎀āļą, ⎃āļ¸āļœāˇ’ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ’āļšāˇāļļāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļąāˇš āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇāļģ⎊āļŊ⎒āļ¸āˇšāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļą āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē⎚ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļ‚⎁āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎙āļšāˇ” āļ¯ āˇ€āļą āļ†āļąāļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļ´āˇāļŊ⎒āļ­ āļšāˇ’⎄⎒āļ´ āˇ€āļģāļšāˇŠ āļ¸ āļ…⎀āļ°āˇāļģāļąāļē āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. “āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāˇƒāˇ”āļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€āˇāˇƒāļē āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ āļœāļąāˇŠāļą āļ•āļąāˇ‘” āļē⎒ āļ”⎄⎔ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļ¸ āļšāˇ“āˇ€āˇš āļē. āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀ ⎃āļšāˇƒāˇ āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļ§āļ´āļ­āļ§ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļē. 

āļ¯-āˇƒāˇāˇ‚āļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŊ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’, āļ¸āˇ“āļ§ āļ…āļ¯āˇāļŊ āļąāļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ ⎁⎊‍āļģāˇšāˇ‚āˇŠāļ¨āˇāļ°āˇ’āļšāļģāļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎒āļˇāˇāļœ āˇ€āˇ™āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ, āļ¸āˇ„ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀, āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļē⎔⎄āļœāļ­ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀ ⎃⎐āļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 21 āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļē. ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ¯ āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē⎚ āļĸāļēāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļēāļē⎒ āļ´āˇāļģāļ¸āˇŠ āļļ⎑⎄. (āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€, āļ´āˇ„āļ­  āļšāˇ™āļ§āˇ’ ⎀⎓āļŠāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇŠ. CACPS Facebook āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇ’)

āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ„ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ™āļą āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ†āˇ€āˇš āļē. āļ‘⎀⎒āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļĸāļēāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀ āˇ„āˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒāļ§ āļšāļ­āˇ āļšāļģ, āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāļąāļē āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļšāļŊ⎄. ⎃⎐āļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 5 āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ¸āˇ„ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ™āļšāˇ“ āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€ āļŠāļ§ āļąāˇ’āļēāļ¸āˇ’āļ­ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ ā āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āˇ€āˇ’āļē. ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš ⎀⎙āļąāļ­āˇŠ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļ­āˇ€ āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļē. āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇƒāļąāˇāˇ€ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ’ āˇ€āļą āˇ€āˇ’āļ§ āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇāļą āˇ€āˇ“ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎓āļ¸ āļē. āļ¯-āˇƒāˇāˇ‚āļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’, āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎔āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°, āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļģāļšāļģ āļ´āˇ„āļģ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€ ⎃āļŊāˇƒāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇ™āˇƒāˇ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎔āļ¸āļšāˇ’. ⎀āļģāˇāļē āļąāˇāļœāˇ™āļąāˇ„⎒āļģ āļ´āļģ⎊āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎓āļšāļģāļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āļ­āˇ™āļŊ⎊ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇš āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāˇŠ āļ´āˇžāļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎒āļš āļ…āļ‚⎁āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļēāļąāˇ āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļš āļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļļ⎙āļŊ⎄⎓āļąāļšāļ¸ āļ¯ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āļˇāˇāˇ€āļē āļ¯ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āļģ⎊⎁āļąāļē āļšāļŊ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļąāˇŠ āļēāļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļ…āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļŊ āļąāˇœ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļē. 

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āļ†āļąāļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļ´āˇāļŊ⎒āļ­ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļšāˇšāˇ€āļŊāļē⎚

āļ‹āļšāˇŠāļ­ āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļąāˇŠ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ´āˇœāˇ„āˇœāļģ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇš ⎄⎒āļ§āļ´āˇ” āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļšāļē⎙āļšāˇ”āļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇ’. “āļ…āļ´ āļ¯āˇ’āļœāļ§āļ¸ āļ´āˇ“āļŠāļąāļē āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļē. āļģāļąāˇ’āļŊ⎊āļ§ (⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄) āļ’āļšāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļ¯āˇ’āļœāļ§āļ¸ āļœāˇ™āļą āļēāˇāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ”⎄⎔⎀ āļ‘āļŊāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§āļē⎒.” āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē ⎀⎖ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļ¸ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎀āļŊ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ¯āļģāļą āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āļšāˇ“āˇ€āˇš āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ¸ āļē. āļ¯-āˇƒāˇāˇ‚āļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļē⎜āļ¸āˇ” āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇš āļ‘āļšāˇŠāļšāˇ āˇƒāˇ„āļą āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļēāļą āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āļ­āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāļœāļ­ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¸āļ§ āļē. āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ ⎃āļģāļŊ⎀ āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎐āļ¯āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ¸ āļ¯āˇš ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ´āˇ”āļŊ⎔āļŊāˇŠāˇ€ āļ´āļ­āˇ”āļģāˇ€āˇ ⎄āļģ⎒āļą āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āļ­āļē āļ‘āļŊāˇ™āˇƒāļ¸ āˇƒāļ§āˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ­āļļāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļąāļ¸āˇŠ, āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇƒāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇ€āˇ ⎀⎒āļąāˇ ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸āˇāļ°āˇŠ‍āļē āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģāļąāļē⎚ āļ´āļŊāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇšāļ¸ āļąāˇāļ­.   

āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀āļą āļļāˇāļŊāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ™āˇ€āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē āļ¯āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļœāˇāļą āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ–āļē⎚ āļ‰āļ¸āˇ„āļ­āˇŠ ⎃⎐āļŊāļšāˇ’āļŊ⎊āļŊāļšāˇ’: 

“1917 āļ¯āˇ“ āļļ⎜āļŊāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ™āˇ€āˇ’āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ”⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ´āļēāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎖ āļ¯āļ­āˇŠāļ­āļēāļąāˇŠ, āļ…āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļ´āˇ”⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ´āļēāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎖ āļ¯āļ­āˇŠāļ­āļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āļŠāˇ āļąāˇœāˇƒāˇāˇƒāļŗāˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ­āļģāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀āļŠāˇ āļąāˇ’⎀⎐āļģāļ¯āˇ’ āļļāˇāˇ€āˇŠ, āļ“āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇ’āļ āˇāļģāļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„ āļē⎔āļœāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ¯āˇāļŊ āļŊ⎒āļē⎀⎒āļŊ⎒ ⎀āļŊ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ ⎃āļąāˇāļŽ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļąāˇ’⎀⎐āļģāļ¯āˇ’ āļļ⎀ āļļāˇāļŊāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ™āˇ€āˇ’āļšāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊ⎀⎓āļē ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļĩāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļē. āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ āļ’ āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ¸āļœāļ¸ āļ‘āļē āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎀āļŠāˇāļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎐āļŠāˇ’ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āˇāļē āļ…āļ­ āˇ„āˇāļģ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļšāļŊ⎙āļš āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ ⎀āļŠāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļšāˇ”āļŊāˇŠāˇƒāˇ„āļœāļ­ āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļąāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļšāļšāˇŠ  āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļē.” (āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļēāˇāļąāˇ” ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊ⎀āļē⎚ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļē, āļ¯āˇ™āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇ’ ⎀⎙āļŊ⎔āļ¸āˇš 356⎀⎙āļąāˇ’ āļ´āˇ’āļ§)

āļ…āļ´ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ°āļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļą āļļāˇāļ°āļšāļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļŊāˇ āļ¯āļ¸āˇ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀āļą, āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” ⎃⎊āļŽāˇāļ´āļąāļē āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļ°āļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļą āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāˇŠ āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāˇāļŸāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļē.   

(āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ   āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļģ⎐āļšāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļ¸ āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļŊāļĸ⎊āļĸ⎒āļ­āˇ€ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāļŊ⎚ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļŊ āļ†āļ āˇāļģ⎊āļē⎀āļģāļē⎙āļšāˇŠ ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āˇ”āļŊāˇƒāˇ’āļģ⎒ ⎃āļ¸âŖāļģāļšāˇāļąāˇŠ āļē. ⎀⎓āļŠāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ CACPS facebook āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ)

āļ’ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎃⎊āļ­āˇ”āļ­ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļ¸ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇšāļ¸ āļ´āˇ€āˇ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠāļšāˇāļ¸āˇ“ ⎀ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ‡āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‘āļą āļļ⎀āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āˇ€āˇšāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ› āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļą āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎃āļŊāļšāˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą â€Œāļ“āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļš āļœāˇāļ§āļŊ⎔ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāļŗāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§, āļ‘āļšāˇ“ āļœāˇāļ§āļŊ⎔ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāˇ’āļ­ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļœāļ­ āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ‡āļŸāˇ€āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāļģāļē⎒. 

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ´āˇāļģāˇŠāˇāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļē āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎓āļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļ´ āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļąāˇāļ­. āļ†āļģāļ¸āˇŠāļˇāļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āļ¸ EPF āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¸āˇ„ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’āļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļąāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎊ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇ’. āļ‘āļē āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ¸āˇ’āˇƒ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļļ⎐āļŗāˇ“  āļąāˇāļ­. āļ¸āˇ™āļē ⎀⎙āļąāˇƒāˇŠ āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļē. āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ– āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļ’āļĸāļąāˇŠāˇƒāˇ’ ⎀āļą āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊāļšāˇŠ ⎀āļą āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļ’ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļ¯ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ¯āˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ’ āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļļ⎀ āļē. āļēāļŽāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“ āļģāļ§āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ†āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āˇ€āˇƒāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļēāļ§ 15āļšāļ§ āˇ€āļŠāˇ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸāļąāļē āļąāˇœ āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ°āļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āļēāļšāˇ”āļ¯āˇ” āļ’āˇ€āˇ āˇƒāˇ™āļŊ⎀⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļąāˇāļ­. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āļŗ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎓āļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇœ ⎀, āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļšāļģ āļœāļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļą, āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇāļ¸āļ­āˇ’ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļš āļ†āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļēāļšāļ§ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļŊāļļāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ§āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇāˇ„. āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļ¸ āļģ⎐⎀āļ§āˇ’āļŊ⎒ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āļœāļąāˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠāļ´āˇœāļŊāļš āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāļ´āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļšāˇœāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇšāˇƒāˇ’āļēāļšāˇ’.      

āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģāļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎒āļšāļ§ āļģ⎖āļ´: āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ āļģ⎊āļēāˇāˇ€ Read More Âģ

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ: āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļļāļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļ­āļ§ – āļ†āļģ⎊. āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ āļšāļģāļē⎒

āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ´āˇ… ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļšāˇœāļ¸āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ (⎀⎒āļšāˇœāˇƒ) āļąāˇ’āļŊ āļ´āˇ”⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­ āˇ€āˇ– āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļē⎚, 395 āļšāļŊāˇāļ´āļē⎚, 1977 āļĸ⎖āļŊ⎒ 23 ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ´āˇ… āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļēāļšāˇ’.

1977 āļĸ⎖āļŊ⎒ 21 ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇ’āļēāļ¸āˇ’āļ­ āˇ€āˇ– āļ¸āˇ„ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļąāˇ’āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē (āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“) āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢ āˇ€āˇšāļ¯āˇ’āļšāˇāˇ€ āļ­āˇ”⎅ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ­āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠāļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļŊ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āˇ€ ⎀⎒āļšāˇœāˇƒ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇ€āˇ’āˇ€āˇšāļ āļą āˇ„āˇ āļ‘⎄⎒ ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎀⎐āļŠāļ´āˇ’⎅⎒⎀⎙⎅ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ° āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’ āļ…āļ­āļģ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē āļ¯ āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļœāļĢāļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļ āˇāļģāļēāļ§ āļŊāļšāˇŠ āļšāļģāļē⎒.

⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļģāļąāˇ’āļŊ⎊ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ­āˇ”āļģ  āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎊‍āļē āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļļāļģ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļąāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ āļœāˇ™āļąāļēāļą āˇ€āˇāļŠāļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļŊ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ‘āļ¯āˇ 1977 āļĸ⎔āļŊ⎒ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļąāļē⎚ āļĸāļē⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļą āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎄⎙āļŊ⎒āļ¯āļģāˇ€āˇŠ āļšāļŊ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļšāļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āˇ” ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āˇ„āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ, āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ†āļšāˇāļģāļēāļ­āˇŠ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāļģāˇ āļœāˇ™āļąāļēāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­ āļ…āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒāˇš āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ´āˇāļŠāļ¸āˇŠ ⎃āļ´āļēāļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­.

***

Premadasa
āļ†āļģ⎊.āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ (āļ¸āˇāļ¯) āļĸ⎚.āļ†āļģ⎊.āļĸāļē⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļą (āļ¯āļšāˇ”āļą) ⎃āļ¸āļœ

āļē⎔āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļĢ⎒āļēāˇ„āˇœāļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļģāļą āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļœāˇāļą āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ ⎄⎙⎅⎒āļ¯āļģāˇ€āˇŠāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ‹āļ´ āļąāˇāļēāļš āļ†āļģ⎊. āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ āļē⎒.

āļ…āļŊ⎔āļ­āˇŠ āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē  āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āˇ”āļ› āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ,â€āˇ„āˇ’āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇŠâ€ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ“āļē ⎃āļŸāļģāˇāˇ€āˇš āļĸ⎖āļąāˇ’ āļ¯āˇāˇƒāļē āļšāļŊāˇāļ´āļē⎚ āļ´āˇ…⎀⎙āļē⎒. āļ”⎄⎔ āļ‘āļē āļ¸āˇ™āˇƒāˇš āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļē⎒.

â€œāˇ€āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀⎒āļąāļē āļ…āļ´ āļģāļ§āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āļē. āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļœāļ­āˇ€ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļšāļē ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļšāˇ€ āļ‡āļ­. ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¯āˇāļ¸āļē āļ´āˇ„āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ§āļąāˇŠāļœāļ­ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē. āļ…āļ´ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸ āļˇāˇāļģ āļ¯āˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē. āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ†āļēāļ­āļąāļēāļšāļ¸ āļŊāˇāļˇ āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇāļŠāˇ”⎀āļŊāļ§ (āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ) āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ’ ⎀āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē⎀ āļ‡āļ­.”

“āļ¸āˇš ⎀āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļąāļąāļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāˇ™āˇƒāˇšāļ¯āļēāˇ’â€ āļ…āˇƒāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļąāļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āˇ’⎅⎒āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔ āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļ”⎄⎔,” āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļĸ⎓⎀āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ™āļą āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļĢāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē⎀ āļēāļēāˇ’â€āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇƒāˇ“āļē.

āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē⎚ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ ⎀āļœāļšāˇ’āļēāļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļļāļŊāˇāļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ” ⎀āļą āļļ⎀ āļē⎔āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€āļ§ āļąāˇœāļšāˇ“⎀āļ¯ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ‰āļŊāļšāˇŠāļšāļē āļ‘āļē āļļ⎀ āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļē  āˇ„āˇ™āˇ…āˇ’āļ¯āļģāˇ€āˇŠ āļšāļģāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļąāļē āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļē⎚ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļĢ āļœāˇāļą āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē⎚āļ¯āˇ“ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļ§ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎔āļĢ⎔ āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔ āļ‡āļŸāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊāļ¸ āˇƒāļąāˇāļŽ āļšāļģ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāļšāˇ’.

āļąāˇ’āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ ⎀⎙⎅⎙āļŗ āļšāļŊāˇāļ´āļēāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎒⎄⎒ āļšāļģ, ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇšāˇ āļ†āļēāˇāļĸāļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āļļāļŠāˇ” āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ āļ…āļŠāˇ” āļąāˇœāļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ¯āļŦ⎔ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ“āļ­āˇ’ āļœāˇ™āļąāˇ™āļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇƒ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļąāˇ’āļēāļ¸ āļēāļŽāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļē āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ ⎄⎙⎅⎒āļ¯āļģāˇ€āˇŠ āˇ€āˇš.

āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇāļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļē⎚ āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļš āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļĢāļē ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļē āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē⎚ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļļāļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¯āˇ”āļœāˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ§āˇ€āļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļē⎒.

āļ¸āˇš āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļą āļ‰āļģāļĢāļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ„⎓āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ…āļ´āˇ’ āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­ āˇ€āļģāļšāˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ”āļĢ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎖āļ¯āļē āļ¯āˇ™āˇƒ ⎄⎐āļģ⎒āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē.

āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸

āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āļļāļŊāļē āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¸āˇ™āļ­āˇ™āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇ’ āļ¯āļģ⎔āļĢ⎔āļ¸ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļē⎚āļē. āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē⎚ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļĢāļēāļšāˇ’.

āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļšāļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļ…āļ‚āļœāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇŠ āļœāļ­āˇ„āˇœāļ­āˇŠ 1976 ⎀āļģāˇŠāˇ‚āļē⎚ āļ­āˇš āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļēāļ§ 8.1 āļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­. āļ´āˇœāļŊ⎊ āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļēāļ§ 13 āļšāˇ’. ⎀⎓ āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē ⎀⎓ āļļāˇ”āˇƒāļŊ⎊ āļšāˇāļ§āˇ’ 6 āˇƒāˇ„ 8 āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļĢāļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§ 5.5 āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ´āˇ„āļ­āļ§ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ”āļąāˇ’.

āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āˇƒāˇš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ™āļ¯āˇŠāļ¯āˇ“, āļ‰āļ­āˇāļ¸āļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āļˇāļēāˇāļąāļš āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļ­āˇ€āˇ–āļē⎚ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļē⎙⎄⎒āļē. āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇ’āļē āļ´āˇ™āļļāļģāˇ€āˇāļģ⎒ āļ¸āˇāˇƒāļē ⎀āļą āˇ€āˇ’āļ§ āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļēāļ§ 44 āļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ⎀ āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎒āļš āļ…āļ‚⎁āļē⎚ āļļāļģāļ´āļ­āˇ… āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‡āļģāļšāˇ“ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎒āļĢ⎒.

āļ¸āˇš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļ‘āļšāˇŠāļ¯āˇāˇƒāˇŠ āļąāˇ€āˇƒāˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ āļ‘āļšāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļŊāˇāļšāļē āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇāļ¸ āļ´āˇāļ­āˇ’āļģ āļœāˇ’āļē āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļĩāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒāļē. 1977 ⎀āļą āˇ€āˇ’āļ§ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎖ āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē āļ¯āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ ⎀⎁āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļ´āļģ⎒⎀āļģ⎊āļ­āļąāļē ⎀⎓āļ¸āļē⎒.

āļ‡āļ¸āļģ⎒āļšāˇāˇ€ ⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āļ¯āˇ’āļē⎔āļĢ⎔ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ¯, āļĢāļē āļœāˇāļ­āˇ’āļšāļ¸ āļ‹āļœāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸ āļ¸āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āļ¯, āļœāˇ™āˇ€āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āˇāˇšāˇ‚ ⎄⎒āļŸāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀⎙⎅⎙āļŗ āˇāˇšāˇ‚ ⎄⎒āļŸāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¯ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎖ āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļļāļ‚āļšāˇœāļŊ⎜āļ­āˇŠāļšāļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļēāˇ€āˇāļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļŊāˇāļš āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎊‍āļē āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāļ¯, ⎀⎙⎅āļŗ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ” ⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āļĢāļē āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļĢāļē āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇœāļŊ⎓ āļœāˇ™āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ­āˇ€āļ¯āˇ”āļģāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’⎀⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļ­āˇŠ, āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎊‍āļē āļ´āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ¸ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇšāļ­āˇŠ āļ­āļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļē āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ” ⎀⎙āļē⎒.

āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ‰āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ™āļšāˇŠ

⎀⎙⎅āļŗ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ¯āļģ⎔āļĢ⎔āļ¸ āļ¸āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ¯āˇāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ¯āˇāļģ⎖ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„āļēāļšāˇŠāļ¸ āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœāļ¸ āļŊāˇāļš āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎊‍āļē āļ†āļēāļ­āļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļģāļ§āļšāļ¸ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇ’āļąāˇāˇāļē āļ‹āļœāˇŠ‍āļģ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļ†āļēāļ­āļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļšāļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āļ´āļģ⎊āļēāˇāˇƒāļēāļšāˇ’. āļ¸āˇš āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ­āˇ”⎅ āļļāļŊāļē āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āļ¸ āļšāˇ… ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļēāļē ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¸āˇš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‰āˇ„⎅āļ¸ āļ¸āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ, āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš ⎃⎘āļĸ⎔ āļ‰āļ­āˇŠāļ­āļšāˇ” āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ ⎀⎒āļąāˇāˇāļē āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™āļšāˇ” āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļē. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ, āļŊāˇāļˇāļē āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€ āļ´āˇāļŠāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎀āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸āļ¯ āļļāˇāļģāļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļ…āļē  āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļēāļē⎒ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¸āˇš āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļē.

āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ™āļ¯āˇŠāļ¯āˇ“ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎆⎐āļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊ ⎀⎁āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇāˇƒāˇ™āļ¯āˇŠāļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸āˇš āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‹āļœāˇŠ‍āļģ āļšāļģ⎀āļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ™āļ¯āˇ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļģāļ¯āˇŠāļ¯āˇ“ āļ´āˇāļŠāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎀āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļˇāˇāļģāļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āļ°āˇ’āļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇ’. āļ‘āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ­āļ¸ āļģ⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ…⎄⎒āļ¸āˇ’⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇ’⎅⎒āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļšāļŸ āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢ⎒.

Workers

āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ’āļē āļšāļ­āˇ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ€āļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀āļą āˇƒāˇ”āˇ…āˇ” āļ…āļŊāˇāļˇāļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļŗāļ¯āļģāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇš. āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āˇ€āˇāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļœāˇŠ‍āļģ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇ– āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇ’āļē āļ…⎀⎔āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇ” 7 āļ­āˇ”⎅ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎄⎀⎔āļŊ⎊ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‡āļģāļšāˇ”āļĢ⎔ ⎀⎒āļ§ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āˇ–āļē⎚ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē⎚ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļē⎐⎀⎓āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļē. āļļāˇāļąāˇƒāˇŠ āļšāļ´āˇāļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸, āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āļ…⎄⎒āļ¸āˇ’ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎊ āļ…⎄⎒āļ¸āˇ’ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āļ…āļ­āˇ’āļšāˇāļŊ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļąāˇ āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸ⎓⎀āļą āļ…āļ‚āļš āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāˇ„⎒āļ§āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸, ⎃⎊āļŽāˇ’āļģ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§ āļĩāļŊāļ¯āˇāļē⎒āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇāļĢāļēāļ§ āļœāˇāļ§āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ”āļĢ⎔ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āˇƒāˇāļ¸āˇ–⎄⎒āļš āļšāˇšāˇ€āļŊ⎊ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎖ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āļœāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļ…āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļšāļģ āļ…āļŊ⎔āļ­āˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļœāˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āˇšāļœāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļ§āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇœāļœāļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…āˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇāˇāļŊāˇ ⎀āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇ€āˇ“āļšāļģāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇ”āˇ€āˇāˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒ āļ…āļ‚⎁ ⎀⎁āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇƒāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āļ†āļ¯āˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āˇāļ§āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎓ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎊ ⎀āļ§āļē āļ­āˇ”⎅āļ¸ āˇ„āˇ€āˇ”āļŊ⎊ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ‹āļ¯āˇ€āˇŠāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ„āˇ’āļ­āˇ€ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļēāļ§ āļ†āˇ€āˇšāļē.

āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔āļ¸ āˇ€āļģāļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇƒāˇāļ¯āļēāļąāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļąāˇāˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļēāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē.

āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇāˇāļŊāˇ ⎀āļŊ āļ…āļŊāˇāļˇāļēāļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āˇ€āļœāļšāˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļē⎐āļē⎒ āļ”⎀⎔⎄⎔ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļ­āˇ’. āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’āļēāļąāˇŠ ⎀āļœ āļšāˇ“āˇ€āˇš āļšāˇ™āˇƒāˇšāļ¯?

āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļŊāˇāļˇ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎓āļ¸ āļ‡āļģāļšāˇ”āļĢ⎔ ⎀⎒āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ, āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļ­āˇ™āļšāˇŠ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎖ āļŊāˇāļˇāļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇš.

āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎊ āļ…⎀āļ°āˇ’āļē⎚āļ¯āˇ“ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„āļē ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļļāļģ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ§āˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āļ…āļąāˇ’āļšāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ” ⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļļāˇ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļĢāļē⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļē āļ¯āˇ’⎀ ⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļē.

āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āˇ€āˇ– ⎀⎒āļ§ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļ´āˇ’⎅⎒āļļāļŗ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢ āˇ€āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸ āļ…āļ­āˇ„⎐āļģ āļ­āļ¸ āļ°āļąāļē āļ¯ āļģ⎐āļœāˇ™āļą āˇ€āˇ™āļąāļ­āˇŠ āļŊāˇāļˇāļ¯āˇāļē⎒ āļĸāˇāˇ€āˇāļģāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļ­ āļ´āˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļē⎒. āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ¸āˇ™āļ­āˇ™āļšāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎖āļē⎚āļ¯ āļ…āļąāˇāļœāļ­āļē⎚ ⎀āļŠāˇāļ­āˇŠ āļļāļģāļ´āļ­āˇ… āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¯ āļ¸āˇ™āļēāļē⎒.

āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āˇ€āļœāļšāˇ’⎀ āļē⎔āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļąāˇœāˇ€ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļē⎒. āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇ’āļē āļšāˇāļŊāļē āļ­āˇ”⎅ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļˇāˇāļĸāļąāļē ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¸, āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļēāļšāˇŠāļ¸ āļ¸āˇ™āļē ⎃āļąāˇāļŽ āļšāļģāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇ“āļ§ āˇ„āˇœāļŗāļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇāˇ„āļģāļĢāļē ⎀⎐āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļģ⎙āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļŊāļē⎒.

⎀⎐āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļģ⎙āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļŊ⎚ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀⎖  āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ…āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļ¯ āˇ€āˇāļĢ⎒āļĸ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀ āļ¯ āļģ⎔āļ´āˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊ āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āļœāļĢāļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļĢāļē āļ´āˇœāļ¸āˇŠāļ´ āļšāˇ…⎄. āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āˇ€āˇ– āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļœāˇš āˇ„āˇ’āˇƒ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āˇāļ§āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‡āļģāļšāˇ”āļĢ⎒. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāˇƒāˇŠ āļœāļąāļąāˇŠ āļ…āˇƒāˇŠāļšāļģ āļ¯āļ¸āˇ, ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āˇšāļœāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšāˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎔āļĢ⎔ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´ āļģ⎔āļ´āˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊ āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļœāļĢāļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļŠāˇ” āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…⎀⎔āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇ” ⎄āļ­āˇ…⎒⎄āļš āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊ āļ…āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’ āļšāļģ āļ…āļŊ⎖āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎄āļŊ⎊ āļšāˇœāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇšāˇƒāˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯āˇ“. āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļē⎚ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇāļąāļē ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļģ⎙āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļŊ āļœāˇœāļŠāļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš ⎃⎐āļŊ⎐⎃⎊āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļ…āˇƒāˇāļģ⎊āļŽāļš āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇ’. āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ…⎀⎔āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ¯āļšāļ§ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀, āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀ āļģ⎙āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļŊ āˇ€āˇƒāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ­āļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇāļŊāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļĢāļē āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āˇ„āˇ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”āļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāļē⎒.

 āļ¸āˇāļŊ āˇ€āˇƒāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀, āļ‘⎄⎒ ⎀āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎒āļē. ⎃⎊āļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ‹āļ¯āˇ€āˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āˇšāļœāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļ´āļ§āˇ€āˇ āļ­āˇāˇ€āļšāˇāļŊ⎒āļšāˇ€ āļ‘āļēāļœāˇœāļŠ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āļģāļą āļŊāļ¯āˇ“.

āļ‘āļē⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļ­āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢ āļ´āˇšāˇ‚āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē⎚āļ¸ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļļāļģ āļ´āˇšāˇ‚āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸ āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļšāļģ āļ¸āļ­ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļē⎒. ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āļœāˇ™āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļĢāļē āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¯āˇšāļ´āļŊ āļ‹āļšāˇƒāˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀ āļ‡āļ­.

⎀⎐āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļ¸āˇāļŊ

āļ¸āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ¸, āļ´āˇšāˇ‚ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē⎚ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āļ¸āˇ–⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš, āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒāˇ”āˇ…āˇ” ⎆⎐āļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎖ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇāļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇ’. āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ āļ…⎀āļ°āˇ’āļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļąāļ­āļģ āļąāˇœāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļąāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀ āļ¸āˇ™āļē āˇ„āˇœāļŗāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļ”āļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇ” āļšāˇ…āˇšāļē.

Mill

āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļēāļšāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎖āļē⎚ ⎀⎐āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ­ āļģ⎙āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļŊ⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎖ āļ¯āˇ™āļēāļē⎒. āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļēāļšāļ¸ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎖āļ¯āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎚āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āļœāļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāˇ… āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļē⎅⎔ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ⎀āļŊ āļ‰āļģāļĢāļ¸ āļ¯ āļ‘āļēāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāļŗāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļąāˇœāļ­āļšāˇ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‹āļœāˇŠ‍āļģ āļ¸āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇƒāˇšāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ“āļ§ āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ”⎀ ⎀⎒āļē.

⎀āļ­āˇ” āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļšāļē āļ­āˇ”⎅ āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ“āļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļŠāˇ āļ¸āˇŠāļŊ⎚āļ āˇŠāļĄ āļ…āļąāˇŠāļ¯āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯āˇ“. āļ­āˇš ⎀āļ­āˇ” ⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļĢāļēāļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇƒāˇāļ¯āļ¸āˇ  āļ’āˇ€āˇāļē⎚ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇāļĢāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‘āˇ…āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ ‍ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ… āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļĩāļŊāļē ⎀⎖āļē⎚ ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļœāļĢāļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļģ⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āļ…⎄⎒āļ¸āˇ’ ⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļœāˇœāļ¯āˇ”āļģ⎔ ⎀⎓āļ¸āļē⎒.

āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē āļˇāˇāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāļŗāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļŠāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¸āˇš āļ´āļģāˇ’āˇ„āˇāļąāˇ’āļē āļ­āˇ”⎅āļ¯āˇ“ āļģāļ§āˇš āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļˇāˇāļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļ¯āˇāļŊ āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļē⎑āļ¸āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāļē⎒. āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļĢāļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āļ…āļ‚⎁āļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļē⎒. āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ…āļ¯ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āļģ⎒⎀ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇāļĢ⎒āļšāˇŠ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē, āˇƒāˇ“.āļ†āļģ⎊.āļ‘. āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊāˇŠāˇ€āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ”āļ›āˇāļ´āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļˇāˇāļĢ⎊āļŠ āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃āļ‚āļ āˇāļģāļš āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āˇ€āˇāļąāˇ’ āļ´āļģāļ´āˇ”āļ§āˇ” āļĸāˇāˇ€āˇāļģāļ¸āˇŠ āļē. āļ¸āˇš āļ´āļģāļ´āˇ”āļ§āˇ” āļĸāˇāˇ€āˇāļģāļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āļŊāˇāļˇāļē āļē⎙āļ¯ āˇ€āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļļ⎙āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇš āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ€ āˇƒāˇāļœāļ­āļē āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļē⎚ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āˇƒāˇ”āļ›āˇāļ´āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļˇāˇāļĢ⎊āļŠ āļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§āļē.

āļē⎔āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„ āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¸āˇš āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’ā ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇāļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļē⎒. āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļ¸ āļ…āļē⎔āļģāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‹āļģāļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļ§ āˇ„āˇ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀āļŊāļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’āļē. āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģ āļģāļĸāļēāļ§ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļĢāļē āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ¸āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āˇƒāˇšāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāļ¸āˇāļ­. āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļą āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļēāļšāļ§ āļšāˇ… ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļ¯āˇš āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āˇ„āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ”āļ­āˇ”āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ¯āˇšāˇāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļēāļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓āļ¸āļē⎒.

āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„ āļšāļģāļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļē āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ… ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āļŊ⎊ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇ’. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ¯ āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļē. āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€āļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļą āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāļŗāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” āļ¯āˇ“ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļĢ⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇāˇ„ āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇāˇ€āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ€ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­.

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļēāļ§ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē⎐āļē⎒ āļēāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē⎚ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊ āļ…āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’ āļšāˇ… āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē āļēāļąāˇŠāļąāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļē⎚ āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ”⎀āļą āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļąāļēāļšāˇ’.

āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē āļšāˇ”āļŠāˇ” āļ´āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļąāˇ“āļ­āˇ’ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ’āļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē āļ­āˇ”⎅ āļšāļ­āˇ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļąāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļ‘⎄⎒ ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļąāˇāˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļąāˇ€ ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ…āļ­āˇŠ‍āļē‍āļēāˇāˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē ⎀āļą āˇ„āˇ™āļē⎒āļąāˇ’. āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē,  āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļģ⎐āļšāˇ“āļ¸ āļąāˇœāˇ€ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļģāļą āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļēāļē⎒. āļ‘⎄⎙āļ­āˇŠ āļē⎔āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“āļē āļļāļŊāˇāļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ” ⎀āļą āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ āļ´āˇāļģ⎊āļŊ⎒āļ¸āˇšāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļąāˇ“āļ­āˇ’ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āļ­ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’   ⎀⎒āļąāˇāˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎀āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­.

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļšāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎀āļą āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇœāļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀ ⎃āļ¸āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸ ⎃⎊āļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ¯ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔āļ¸ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļœāļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļšāļģāļĢāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ¯ āļ¯āˇāļąāļ§āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎄⎙⎅⎒ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē āļšāˇ”āļŠāˇ”āļ´āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ“āļ­āˇ’ āļ­āļ¸āˇ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļĢ⎒āļēāˇ„āˇœāļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļēāļē⎒ āļē⎔āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ’āļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāˇ… āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀, ⎃āļ¸āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃⎊āļ§āˇāļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ¯, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ¯ āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļē āļąāˇāˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āˇ€āļ āļąāļēāļšāˇŠāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļąāˇœāļšāˇ…⎄. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļē⎚ āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ” ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ­āļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļēāļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļĢ āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāˇ™āˇƒāˇšāļ¯? āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē ⎀⎒āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āļ­ āļ¯, āļ¸āˇ™āļē āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļœāļ­ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļąāˇ’āˇāˇŠāļ āˇ’āļ­ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇœāļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯? āļēāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļą āļœāˇāļą āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āļ”⎀⎔⎄⎔ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ™āļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀āļē⎒.

āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļēāļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€āļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āļŊ⎊ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ¯āˇ’āļēāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļļāļŊāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļē⎒. āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļļāļŊāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ„āļšāļģ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇœāˇ€āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ„āˇāļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āˇ…āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļē⎚ āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ”⎀ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļš āļšāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļē⎒.

āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļą āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀ āˇ€āˇ„āˇāļ¸ āļ‘āˇ…āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎀āļœāļšāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‹āļģ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļšāˇœāļ¸āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇ’. āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢāļē āļ­āˇ”⎅ ⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļšāˇœāļ¸āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ… āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¯āļģ⎊⎁āļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ…āļŠāļ‚āļœāˇ” ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔ āļ‡āļŸāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļē āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’⎀āļģāļĢ āļ­āˇ”⎅ ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļąāļē ⎀⎖ āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āˇƒāļąāˇāļŽ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‘⎅āļš āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļˇāˇ’āļēāˇāļœāļēāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļĢāļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āļļāļ‚āļšāˇœāļŊ⎜āļ­āˇŠāļšāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŊ⎐āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ  āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļēāļšāˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇƒāˇ™āˇƒāˇ” āļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ’āļ­āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀⎓āļ¸āļē⎒.

⎀āļ­āˇ”āļšāļģāļē

āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔āļ¸ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļĸāļąāˇƒāļ­āˇ” āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎒āļšāļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€āļē āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ” ⎀ āļ‡āļ­. āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒ āˇ€āˇƒāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇœāļ§āˇŠāļ§ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē āļ­āļ¸ āˇ€āļ­āˇ” āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒ āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’āļŊāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļēāļ¸ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’āļŊāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇāļ­āˇ’āļģ āļēāļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļ‰āļ­āˇāļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļē. ⎀āļ­āˇ” āļšāļŠāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļšāļģāļē āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ´āˇāļ­āˇ’āļģ⎔āļĢ⎔ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļœāˇāļą āļ…āļąāˇāļœāļ­āˇš āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀āļą āˇƒāļ§āļąāˇŠ ⎀āļŊ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āļˇāˇāˇ€āļē āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļšāˇŠāļ¯āˇāļē⎒ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļšāļŊ⎊āļ­āˇ’āļēāˇāļ¸ āļ‘⎅⎒ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļšāļģāļē āļ­āˇ”⎅ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’āļŊāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠāˇ€āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš ⎃⎐āļŊ⎐⎃⎊āļ¸ āļ´āļģāˇāļĸāļē āļšāˇ…āˇ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€ āļŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē āļ†āļē⎔āļ° āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļąāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļ¸āˇāļģ āļšāļĢ⎊āļŠāˇāļēāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎀āļ­āˇ”āļšāļģāļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āļŊ⎊ āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļĢāļē āļšāˇ…āˇšāļē. āļ­āļ¸ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇāˇ€ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔āļ¸ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ, āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚āļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āˇƒāˇ„ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ¸āˇāļģ āļšāļĢ⎊āļŠāˇāļēāļ¸āˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļģāˇāļē⎔āļ° āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇšāļ­āˇŠ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļē⎚ āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ” ⎀⎒āļē.

āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’āļŊāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļŸāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­āˇ”⎀āļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ°āˇāļą āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€āļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļē āˇ€āˇƒāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āļąāˇœāļ¯āˇ“ āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļē⎑āļ¸āļē⎒. āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’āļŊāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœāļ¸ āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļœāˇ™āļą āļē⎑āļ¸āˇš āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āˇƒāˇāļŊ⎐⎃⎊āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€āļē āļ¸āļ­āˇ” āˇ€āˇš. āļšāļŠāˇāˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļˇāˇāļĸāļąāļē ⎀āļą āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļšāˇŠāļ§āļģ⎒āļēāļš āļ¸ āļ´āˇœāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ’āˇ€āˇāļē⎚ āļœāļĢāļąāˇŠ ⎄⎒āļŊāˇ€āˇŠ āļ´āļģ⎒āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ ⎀āļŊ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ” ⎀⎒āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē.

āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āļļāļ‚āļšāˇœāˇ…āˇœāļ­āˇŠ āļˇāˇāˇ€āļē ⎀⎅āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļšāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāˇŠāļ­ āļ´āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ“āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ” ⎄ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎊‍āļē ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇāļŠāˇ™āļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļĢ⎒. āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇœāļŊ⎓ āļœāˇ™āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļĢāļē⎙āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āļąāˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļą, ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇšāˇ ⎀⎙⎅āļŗāˇāļ¸āˇš āļ’āļšāˇāļ°āˇ’āļšāˇāļģ⎒āļēāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ€āļą āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšāˇ’. āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇ’āļąāˇāˇāļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ€ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀⎙āļšāˇ”āļ¸ āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļē āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ„āˇāļ¸ āˇ€āˇ’āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļšāˇœāļ¸āˇ’āļē⎔āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļ§āˇŠ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļēāļ§ āļļ⎐āļŗāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” āļœāļ­  āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”āļē. āļē⎖āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ†āļĢ⎊āļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļļāļŊāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ§āļą āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢ⎒.

(āļ…⎀āļ°āˇāļģāļąāļēāļąāˇŠ theSocialist.LK ⎀⎙āļ­āˇ’āļąāˇ’. āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎊ āļŊ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļē⎚ “āļą”, “āļĢ”,”āļŊ” ,”⎅” āļģ⎓āļ­āˇ’āļē āļļ⎐⎄⎐āļģ⎀ āļ…āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļģ ⎀⎒āļąāˇŠ‍āļēāˇāˇƒ āļē⎜āļ¯āˇ āļ‡āļ­)

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­ āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ: āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš āļšāļŠāˇ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļļāļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļ­āļ§ – āļ†āļģ⎊. āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļ¸āļ¯āˇāˇƒ āļē⎖āļ‡āļąāˇŠāļ´āˇ“ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ āļšāļģāļē⎒ Read More Âģ

Strike

Defend Turkish workers against the thuggery of the union bureaucracy!

Colombo Action Committee for People’s Struggles.

Strike
Striking Şireci textile workers in Gaziantep [Photo: birlesiktekstil/Twitter]

On August 14, the World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) reported an incident in which the trade union bureaucracy of the Cankaya Municipality in Turkey threatened and attacked the workers when they protested against the betrayal of the trade union leadership.

Workers were attacked when they went to the union office to question the fraudulent way the unions are concealing from the workers the agreement signed between the union and the management. Workers accused them of having  agreed to a meager salary and not including in the signed agreement the terms agreed upon with the workers. 

Colombo Action Committee for People’s Struggles (CACPS) strongly condemns the brutal attack by the bureaucrats of the Genel-İş trade union affiliated to the Turkish DİSK trade union, against the workers of Cankaya municipality and extends its fraternal arms of solidarity with the workers. 

The thuggery of Turkey’s treacherous union bureaucracy against its members, is a part of the conspiracies of union bureaucrats, who have aligned themselves with governments and corporations around the world to quell workers’ struggles. CACPS, convinced that the only way the workers can fight against these regressive movements around the world is through a conscious fight for the unity of the working class around the world, calls on the working people to march forward to mobilize the support of the international working class.

The CACPS was built during a struggle to build a genuine workers’ movement, independent of the right-wing, within the people’s movement that ousted the former Executive President Gotabhaya Rajapaksa in Sri Lanka. It is built on the foundation of the calling of the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) to build rank-and-file committees of workers, as centers of workers’ power, independent of all capitalist class organizations and trade unionism.

Our committee stands in defense of the Turkish workers as an organization with experience in fighting for the social and democratic rights of the working people against the attacks of the capitalist class in Sri Lanka.

The crisis of the Turkish ruling class, which has been exacerbated by the Covid pandemic and the war in Ukraine, is being burdened onto the shoulders of working people through inflation, job slashings and welfare cuts. Against this assault, tens of thousands of working people across Turkey have started a counteroffensive through protests and strikes. It is in such a backdrop that bourgeois lackyes and pseudo leftists including trade unions have launched rounds of physical attacks against the workers.

The workers of Sri Lanka too are experiencing the same conditions. The austerity measures of the Ranil Wickremesinghe government and their beastly attacks on the democratic rights are being intensified on a daily basis, enjoying the generous assistance from trade unions who do not raise even a finger against them. Earlier this year, more than half a million petroleum, electricity, water and health care workers responded to cuts and privatization with strikes and protests. 

The government’s day-to-day response to these protests by workers and students has been to impose court bans and disperse them with the use of the military police. The brutal crackdown by the government shows that they are not prepared to allow even a shade of democratic rights to the working class.

Trade union bureaucracies are more and more aligning themselves with the plans of their governments. This experience is shared by workers in Turkey as well as in Sri Lanka. The Ceylon Electricity Workers’ Union (CEWU), facing the privatization of the Ceylon Electricity Board, demands that the “restructuring should be done to suit the current situation of the country”. The CEWU is not alone in their assistance offered to the government’s plans for privatization. Everywhere the government institutions are threatened with privatization, including in the Colombo port and Petroleum Corporation, the Trade Unions are extending their hands of assistance to the ruling class.

The trade union movement is unable to lead the working class to face the deadly attacks of the capitalist system, immersed in a grave crisis of international proportions. Before the 1980s, when production was relatively confined to national boundaries, the trade union movements around the world were in a position to lead struggles to win certain reforms for the working class, acting as mediators between the capitalist class and the working class. That era is now gone and an era of globalized production has dawned, hence pushing all national programs, including those of national trade unions, into an irrevocable crisis. Now, the attacks on the working class, though they are launched on a national scale, have their roots in the global crisis of the productive forces and the workers all over the world are facing them. In the absence of any national program capable of countering these attacks, the trade unions are now forced to abandon their role of mediation and winning ‘relief’ for the working class, and largely becoming a defensive bulwark of capitalist rule. Thus, the workers worldover are experiencing the readiness of their unions to go to any length against them, as the co-partner of the capitalist order, in its deadly struggle for survival. This is the objective truth behind the attacks on the workers of Cankaya Municipality. 

The CACPS understands that safeguarding workers’ jobs, wages and rights can only be achieved through a struggle against Capitalism and its guardians in the form of trade unions. It recognizes that it is crucially important to establish independent action Committees of the working class (Rank-and-file committees), based on working class democracy, that would expose the unholy and treacherous alliance maintained by the trade unions and middle class organizations with the capitalist state and companies. These committees, representing the economic, political, social interests and all basic needs of the working class and the oppressed people, and operating under their democratic will, spares no room for capitalist class and its agents including trade union bureaucrats. Such independent, genuinely democratic organizations of the working class are mandatory in defeating betrayals and carrying out the struggle to the final victory.

For this reason, CACPS extends its fullest support and expresses its adherence to the call of ICFI through WSWS, to build independent rank-and-file workers’ committees and establish an international alliance among such committees around the world to strengthen the objective unity of the working class. In recent times, there were several occasions in which the ICFI affiliated Socialist Equality Party (SEP) activists have been physically assaulted, verbally threatened and obstructed by the trade unionists, when the SEP activists were campaigning for this very program. CACPS always defended the SEP and independent workers against such attacks.

CACPS calls upon Turkish workers, as well as workers in Sri Lanka and all over the world, to build rank-and-file committees as their own centers of political power, independent of the trade unions who are acting as a labor police force of the corporates and capitalist governments. It also calls upon all such committees to unite on both national and international spheres, and to join hands in the struggle to establish their own control on the matters. The working class has no other path to freedom.

Turkish workers, form independent Action committees!

Build the democratic and socialist congress of workers and the poor of Sri Lanka!

Forward to build the International Workers Alliance of Rank-and-File Committees!

Defend Turkish workers against the thuggery of the union bureaucracy! Read More Âģ

Protest

⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļģāļŸ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠ ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļąāˇāļŠāļœāļ¸

āļąāļąāˇŠāļ¯āļą āļąāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ™āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇ’.  

Protest
⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ (28) āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ…āˇƒāļŊ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē

āļ¯āˇšāˇāˇ“āļē āļąāļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļē⎔⎄āļœāļ­ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇš ⎀⎐āļŠāļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļŊ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ āļ‡āļ´āļēāļ§ āļ­āļļāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļēāˇāļĸāļąāˇāˇ€ 2022 āļĸ⎔āļŊ⎒ 27āļ¯āˇ āļ´āˇāļģ⎊āļŊ⎒āļ¸āˇšāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯āˇ“. āļ¸āˇ„ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ”⎀ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎚ ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļšāļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ 96% āļšāˇŠāļ¸ āļģāļĸāļē⎚ āļļ⎐āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎀āļŊ āļ†āļēāˇāļĸāļąāļē āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļ­āļģ, āļ’āˇ€āˇ 2038 āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ´āˇ„āļŊāˇœāˇ€āļšāļ§ āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇ” āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇ„āˇ 9%āļš āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āļģ āļ´āˇœāļŊ⎒āļēāļšāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļēāˇāļĸāļąāˇāˇ€ āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎚ āļˇāˇāļģāļšāˇāļģ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē ⎀āļą āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎊ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē ⎀⎙āļ­ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļ¸āˇāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎃āļ¯āˇ„āˇ āļē⎜āļ¸āˇ” āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀, āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļąāļē āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļąāļēāˇ āļ¸āļ­ āˇ„āˇ™āļŊ⎓āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āļšāˇāļ§āˇ’ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸, āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļ…āļ‚⎁āļē⎚ āļģ⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āˇ„āˇ āļ†āļēāļ­āļą āļ…āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļē, āļļāļ¯āˇ” āļļāļģ, āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊāļ§āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎀āļŠāˇ āļąāˇ’āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ´āˇ„āļģ āļ¯āˇ™āļą āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒ āļ†āļĨāˇāļ¯āˇāļēāļš āˇƒāˇāļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āˇ„āˇ ⎀āļģ⎊āļœāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē ⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āļˇāˇšāļ¯ āļ¸āļ­āˇ” āļšāļģ āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āļŊ⎊ āļē⎔āļ¯ āˇ€āˇāļ­āˇāˇ€āļģāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļąāˇ’ āļ…āļ­āˇ’⎁āļē āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļ¸āˇāļŊāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽ āˇƒāˇāļ°āļšāļē āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎚āļģāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀⎙āļšāˇ” āļ¸ āļ¯āļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļšāļģ⎔āļąāļšāˇ’. āˇƒāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ­āˇŠ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļēāˇāļĸāļąāˇāˇ€ āļœāˇāļą āļļ⎜āļģ⎔ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āļ¸āļ­āˇ” āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ‘āļ¸ āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļē.  

āļļāļ‚āļšāˇœāļŊ⎜āļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§, āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇāļąāļē āļšāļģāļœāˇ™āļą āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ“āļ­āˇ’āļ¸āļē āˇ„āˇ ⎄āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āˇāļ¸āļē āļ†āˇ€āļģāļą āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ’āļ­ āļĸāļąāļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ¸āļģāˇ, āļ¸āļŊ āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ“ āļ´āˇ€āˇ āļ…āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔āļ¯āˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ­āļģāļ¸āˇŠ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļļāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀, āļ‰āļ­āˇ’āˇ„āˇāˇƒāļē ⎃āļ§āˇ„āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš ⎀āļģāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ™āˇ€āļģāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœ āˇ€āˇš. āļ’ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļ­āļ¸ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļšāļē āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āˇ–āļŊ⎊‍āļē āļ´āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ­āˇ’āļē āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē ⎀⎖ ⎀⎒āļ§ āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎊ āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎔āļ¸āļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ”āˇ€āļ¯ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ” āļ´āˇ’āļē⎀āļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ‰āļŠ āļąāˇœ āļ­āļšāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē āļąāˇœ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļē. āļ¸āˇš āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļļāļŊāļē āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļšāˇāļģāļąāļē āļąāˇœ āļ­āļšāˇ āˇ€āˇšāļ¯āˇ’āļšāˇ āļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļ¸ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļš, āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āˇ€āˇāļ¸ āļ´āˇ”āˇƒāˇŠ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļļ⎄⎔āļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇšāļ´ āļšāļģāļ­āˇ’.  

āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ§āˇ”āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“  āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē (āļ´āˇ™āˇƒāļ´) āļ¸āˇāļ¯āˇ’⎄āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ‘āļšāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ ⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ (28) āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ…āˇƒāļŊ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļļāļŗ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎒āļąāˇ’. āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļœāļąāļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ ⎃āļ§āļąāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļ¯āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļą āļ¯āˇ™āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē⎚ āļē. āļģāļ­āˇ” āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē, ⎃⎊āļ§āˇ‘āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇŠ āļ…āļ´āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē, ⎀⎓ ⎀⎔āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļąāˇ™āļ§āˇŠāˇ€āļģ⎊āļšāˇŠ, āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇƒāļ­āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āˇšāļŊāļąāļē, ⎃āļ¸āļœāˇ’ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē, āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ āļļ⎐āļ‚āļšāˇ” āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē, āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āˇ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āˇšāļŊāļąāļē, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļē⎃⎊āļŽāˇāļąāļē, āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļąāˇœ ⎀āļą āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ 40āļšāļ§ āˇ€āļŠāˇ ⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇÂ  āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎖ āļļ⎀ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļ­āˇ’. āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ 5000āļš āļ´āļ¸āļą āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒāļšāˇŠ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§āļ§ āļģ⎐⎃⎊ ⎀āļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­āˇāļē⎒ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”⎀ āļœāļąāļąāˇŠ āļļāļŊāˇ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇ„. āļēāˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āļ¸āˇŠ 300 āļ´āļ¸āļą āļŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎚ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļ‘āļšāļšāļ§āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ¸ āˇƒāˇāļ¸āˇāļĸ⎒āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļēāˇ€āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļ´āˇ€āˇ āļšāļŊ āļąāˇœ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āļ¯āˇ”āļģ āļ¯āˇ’āļœ āļēāļą āˇƒāļ§āļąāļšāˇŠ āļ¸āļ­āˇ” ⎀āļąāˇ” āļ¯āˇāļšāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ”āˇ€āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļ¯ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀ āļē. (āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē⎚ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇ āļąāˇ’āļģ⎖āļ´āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āˇ€āˇ“āļŠāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎒ āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āļ´āļŊ āˇ€āˇš)

āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ§āˇ”āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎙āļšāˇ” ⎀āļą āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¯ āļąāˇāļœāļ¸āˇ”⎀ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļąāˇœ ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āļ¸āˇāˇƒāˇ’⎀⎒āļŊ⎒ āļąāļœāˇ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎒āļąāˇ’. āļŊāļšāˇŠāˇ‚ 22āļšāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļą āˇ€āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļœāˇāļą āˇƒāˇ’āļ­āˇ āļļāļŊāļąāˇ” āļ‡āļ­āˇāļē⎒ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇŠāˇ€āˇāˇƒ āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀ āļ”⎄⎔ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇ āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. āļ´āˇœāļ¯āˇ”āˇ€āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎀āļąāˇāˇ„⎓ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇš ⎀⎔⎀āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļ¸āˇāļŠ, āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļē⎒. āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎀⎙āļŊāļŗ āˇ„āˇ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ’āļš āļ´āˇœāļ¯āˇ” āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āļŊ⎚āļšāļ¸āˇŠ āļ´āˇ“āļ§āļģ⎊ āļŠāˇ“ āļ…āļŊ⎊āļ¸āˇšāļ¯āˇ āļļ⎓āļļāˇ“āˇƒāˇ“āļēāļ§ āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎔āļąāˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ°āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’ āļ…⎀āļļāˇāļ°āļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀ āļē. “āļ’ āļ…āļē ⎄⎒āļ­āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ…āļ´āˇš āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļšāļē⎚ āļēāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’ āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊāļšāˇŠ āļ­āˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇ€āˇ. āļ’āļšāļ§ 9%āļšāˇŠ ⎄āļ¸āˇŠāļļ ⎀⎙āļē⎒. āļ‘⎄⎙āļ¸ āˇ„āļģ⎒ ⎄āļ¸āˇŠāļļ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ€āˇ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇ‘ āļšāˇ’āļēāļŊāļē⎒,” āļ”⎄⎔ āļšāˇ’āļēāļē⎒. ⎃āļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļē āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇ™āˇƒāˇ” āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ ⎀āļ¸āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļ­ āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āˇ€āļšāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇāļœāļ­ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇ āļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ, āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇ āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āļą āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ ⎀⎓ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļą āļ´āļģ⎒āļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļœāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇƒāļģ⎒āļŊāļą āļ¯āˇ™āļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎙āļą āļļ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļļ⎀āļē⎒. āļ´āˇƒāˇ” āļœāˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇ āļ­āˇ™āļŊ⎊ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€ āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎓āļšāļģāļąāļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“ āļœāˇ’āļģ⎒āļē āļ´āˇ’āļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇ– āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŊ⎐āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎊āļŊāļ¸ āļšāļŊ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ, āļ´āˇāļŊāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎀⎙āļ­ āļļāļŠ āļœāˇ āļœāˇœāˇƒāˇŠ āļ‘āļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļąāˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇāˇƒāˇ„āļœāļ­ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ¯āˇāļšāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ™āļ­āˇ™āļšāˇŠ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎚ āļ¯? 

⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ° āļ¸āļąāˇ āļ…āļ­āˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇ“āļ¸āļšāˇ’. āļē⎜āļ¯āˇāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ āļ¯āˇ€āļŊ⎊ 12āļ§ āļ‡āļģāļšāˇ”āļąāˇ” āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ´āļ¯āˇ’āļšāļē āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇš āļ´āˇāļēāļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āļšāˇāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇ” āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎙āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒ āļ”āļŊ⎊āļšāļ§āˇŠ āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­ āļ¸āˇāļ¯āļ§ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ“ āļē. āļ¸āˇāļģ⎊āļœāļē āļ…⎀⎄⎒āļģ ⎀⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ…āļąāˇ™āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ´āˇ™āļŊ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“āļ¸ āļ†āļģāļ¸āˇŠāļˇ āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. āļ§āˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇ™āļŊāˇāˇ€āļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļŊāļ´āˇāļŊ⎒āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇƒāˇ™āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ ⎃⎐āļšāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļģāˇ’āˇƒ āļšāˇœāļŊ⎊āļŊ⎔āļ´āˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē āļ¯āˇ’āˇƒāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļœāˇ™āļą āļē⎑āļ¸āļ§ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ´āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļœāļ­āˇŠāˇ„. āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ‹āˇƒāˇāˇ€āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļœāļē āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ€āˇ, āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļēāļ§ āļœāļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. “āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ´āˇœāļŠāˇŠāļŠāļšāˇŠ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļēāļ§ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļą, āļ…āļ´āˇ’ āļ†āļ´āˇ„⎔ āļ‘āļąāˇŠāļąāļ¸āˇŠ.” ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē⎄. āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ‘āļšāļŸ āļąāˇœ ⎀⎓ āļē. āļ‘⎀⎒āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļš āļĸāļœāļ­āˇŠ āļœāˇ”āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄, “āļ…āļ´āļ§ āˇƒāļ­āˇ’ āļ¯āˇ™āļšāļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊāļ­ āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļŊāļļāˇ āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąâ€āļē⎒ āļļ⎐āļœāˇ‘āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎒āļē. āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āˇāļģ⎒āļēāˇ āļŠāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļŸ āˇ€āˇ– āļšāļŊ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļ†āļ´āˇƒāˇ” ⎄⎐āļģ⎔āļąāˇāļē.

āļ´āˇƒāˇ”⎀ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļšāļ­āˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ”āļģāˇ”āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀ āļĸāļēāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇ„āˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ ⎃⎐āļģ āļšāļ­āˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎚ āļē. āļ‘āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļģāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ⎓ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļšāˇāˇāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎖āļē⎚ āļ¯ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļš āˇ€āˇ’āļĸ⎊āļĸāˇāˇ€āļē⎒. āļ¸āˇ™āˇ€āˇāļąāˇ’ āļ´āˇœāļģ⎜āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” āˇ„āˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļŊāˇ āļēāˇāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ„āˇœāļŗ āˇ„āˇ”āļģ⎔⎀āļšāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āļ§āļ¸ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āˇš āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļŊ⎐āļļ⎔āļąāˇ” āļ¯āˇ™āļēāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­. āļ’ āˇƒāļ¸āļœāļ¸ āļ­āˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļē⎙āļšāˇŠ ⎃⎐āļ´āˇŠāļ­āˇāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļģ⎊ 21 āļ¯āˇ’āļą āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļ¸āˇ”āļ¯āļŊ⎊ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē⎚ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļēāˇāļ¸ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē⎚ āļĸāļēāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļēāļē⎒ āļœāˇ”āļœāˇ”āļģāļąāˇŠāļąāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļē. āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇšāļ­āˇ” ⎀⎖āļē⎚, āļ¯āˇšāˇāˇ“āļē āļ†āļ¯āˇāļēāļ¸āˇŠ ⎃āļ¯āˇ„āˇ 30% āļļāļ¯āˇŠāļ¯āļšāˇŠ āļ…āļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇš āļēāˇāļĸāļąāˇ ⎃āļ‚āˇāˇāļ°āļą āļšāˇ™āļ§āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āļ­ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ° āļąāļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ ⎁⎊‍āļģāˇšāˇ‚āˇŠāļ¨āˇāļ°āˇ’āļšāļģāļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎒āļˇāˇāļœ āˇ€āˇ™āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ’āˇƒ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ ⎀⎒āļœāļŠāļ¸ āļąāˇœ āˇ€āˇš.  

āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇšāˇ‚āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļœāļē⎚ ⎀⎐āļŠ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ āļ‘āļ´āˇ āļšāļģ⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ¯ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āļ…āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģāļē⎒. āļ’ āˇƒāļ¸āļœ āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇ„āˇāļšāˇ’āļēāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ ⎀⎔⎀āļ¸āļąāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇāļē⎒ āˇ„āˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģāļē⎚ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļšāˇ”āļŊāļ§ āˇ„āˇ ⎀⎛āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļē āˇ„āˇƒāˇ” āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ¯ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇ”⎀āļŊ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļĩāļŊ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āˇ€āˇš. āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļŊ⎚ āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§, āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš, āļ‘āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē⎚ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€ āļ’āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ” āļœāļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āļē. āļ’ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀āļ§ āˇ€āˇ™āļąāļ­āˇŠ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀āļšāˇŠ āļļāļŊāļēāļ§ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļ¯āˇāļŊāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ ⎃āļ¯āˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāˇ”āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļšāļŊ⎊ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’⎀ āļ­āļŊāˇ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸ āļ¯ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ āļ…āļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇāˇ€āļšāˇ’.  

āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļē āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ…āļģāļ¸āˇ”āļąāˇ” ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļē āļšāļŊ āļļ⎀āļ§, ⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļ‹āļ¯āˇš āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļą āļ´āˇ”āˇƒāˇŠāļ­āļšāˇāļŊ ⎁⎊‍āļģ⎀āļąāˇāļœāˇāļģāļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇ”āļąāˇ” ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļˇāˇœāļœāˇ’āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇāļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎒ āļ¯āļģāļē⎒. āļ‘āļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎔āļąāˇš ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļļ⎒āļŊ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¯āˇāļ¸āˇ“āļ¸āˇš ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āļģāˇāļ°āļē āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļą āļ‘āļšāļšāˇŠ ⎄⎐āļ§āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļē. āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āļ‡āļ¸āļ­āˇ–āļē⎚ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļˇāˇāļœāˇ’āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ ⎃āļˇāˇāļ´āļ­āˇ’, āļŊ⎚āļšāļ¸āˇŠ āˇ„āˇ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸ⎒āļ­āļē⎙āļšāˇ’. ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āļ…āļ‚⎁⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļļāļąāˇŠāļ° āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģ⎒āļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļœāļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļģāˇāˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āļˇāˇāļœāˇ“ āļšāļģāˇ€āˇ āļ­āˇ’āļļ⎖ āļļ⎀ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ“ āļœāˇ’āļē⎚āļē. āļ´āˇ”āļąāļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļą āļļāļŊ⎁āļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļˇāˇ€āļēāļąāˇŠ ⎀āļģ⎊āļ°āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ– āļ†āļēāˇāļĸāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ¯āˇ”āļģ⎊āļ¸āˇ”āļ› āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇ€āˇ’āˇāˇāļŊ āļ…āļŊāˇāļˇ āļœāˇ™āļą āļ‘āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒āļļāļŊ āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļŠāļŊāļē (āļŊāļ‚⎀⎓āļ¸) ⎄āļ¯āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ āļ¯āˇ“ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎀āļ§ āļšāļŽāˇ’āļšāļēāˇ āļ āˇāļ¯āļąāˇ āļšāļŊāˇ āļē. āļ…āļąāļ­āˇ”āļģ⎔⎀ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāˇ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļ…āļģ⎊āļŽāˇƒāˇāļ°āļš āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļāˇāˇ‚āļąāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļšāˇŠ ⎀⎖⎄. āļ‘āļš āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇ€āˇƒāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāļœāˇš āˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇāˇƒāˇ’āļšāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āˇƒāˇ–āļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļē āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļ¯?  

āļ°āļąāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎚ ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļ…⎀āļ°āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āļ­āˇ€ āļ¯āˇ”āļģāļ§āļ­āˇŠ ⎁⎊‍āļģāļ¸ āˇāļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎀⎒āļšāˇ’āļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āļąāˇœ ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļē. āļąāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļēāļąāˇ”, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ ⎁⎊‍āļģāļ¸ āˇāļšāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē ⎀⎒āļšāˇ”āļąāļąāˇŠāļąāļąāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļē āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļē āļēāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’⎀⎒āļ´āˇŠāļŊāˇ€āˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎃⎊āļŽāˇāˇ€āļģāļēāļš āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāˇ’. āļ¸āˇš āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļ¸āļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āˇƒāˇ–āļģāˇ āļšāˇ‘āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē ⎀āļą āļąāˇ€ ⎁⎊‍āļģāļ¸ āļģ⎖āļ´ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇāļœāˇŠāļ°āļąāļē⎚ ⎀⎙āļąāˇƒāˇŠ ⎀āļą āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļœāļ­ āˇ€āˇ“āļ¸ āˇ„āˇāļģ āļ…āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļœāļšāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§ āļąāˇāļ­. āļģ⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ, ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļĸ⎓⎀āļą āļ­āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’āļģ⎒⎄⎓āļ¸āˇš āļšāˇœāļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇšāˇƒāˇ’ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļœāļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇ€ ⎀āļģ⎊āļœāļēāļš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀⎙āļšāˇ” āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļąāˇ’āˇāˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē⎚ āļąāˇ€ ⎀⎒āļ°āˇ’ āˇƒāˇ„ āļģ⎖āļ´āˇāļšāˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļą āļ…āļ¯ āļ¯āˇ’āļą, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē āļ‘āļšāˇŠāļšāˇ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē āļšāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¸ āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇšāļ¯āˇ’āļšāˇāˇ€āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļļ⎐⎃ āļēāˇāļ¸ āļēāļą āļ¯āˇ™āļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļšāļšāˇŠ āļ­āˇāļģāˇāļœāļ­ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļē. ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš ⎀āļ‚āļ āļąāˇ’āļš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎓āļŠāˇāˇ€ āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇŠ‍āļģ⎓āļē āļ¯āˇ”āļģāˇŠāˇ€āļŊāļšāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļœāļŊāˇ āļ‘āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āļģ⎐āļš āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ, āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ”āļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ ⎄⎐āļģ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ¸ āļĄāļąāˇŠāļ¯āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļœāļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļą āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ” āļ…āļąāˇ”⎀ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āˇ“ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāļœāˇ āļœāļąāˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ§ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇ„āˇāļģ āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­.      

āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļē āļšāļģāļą āˇ€āˇāļŠāļ´āˇœāˇ… āˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāˇ„āļŊāˇŠāˇ€āļŊ āļ¯ āļ­āļ¸ āļąāˇ’⎀⎄āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āˇšāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļ¯ āļ‘⎀āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāļŸāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ, āļ’āˇ€āˇ ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ…āļˇāˇ’āļ¸āļ­āļē āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāˇ€āļ§ āļąāˇāļ‚⎀⎓āļ¸āļ­āˇŠ āļ¸āļŸ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļģ⎒āļē ⎄⎐āļšāˇ’ āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇāˇ€āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠāļ¸āļ­āˇ” ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ‘āļļ⎐⎀⎒āļąāˇ’. āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ‘āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļą āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ’āļ­ āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļ§ āˇ„āˇ āļ­āļģ⎔āļąāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļģāļą āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀, āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāˇ„āļŊ⎊, ⎀⎐āļŠāļ´āˇœāļŊ āˇ„āˇ āļąāˇ’⎀⎄āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ¯āˇšāˇāˇ€āļŊ āļ‘⎀āļąāˇŠ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāļŸāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ¯āˇ“ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇ„āˇāļē ⎀⎙āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ  āˇƒāˇ„āˇāļ¯āļģāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē⎚ āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠāļ­āļē āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇ” āļšāļģāļē⎒.

⎃āļŗāˇ”āļ¯āˇ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļ¯āˇ”āļ¸āˇŠāļģ⎒āļēāļ´āˇœāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āˇ’āļ§ āļģāļŸ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠ ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļąāˇāļŠāļœāļ¸ Read More Âģ

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āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē⎚ āļ¸āˇāļģ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģāļąāˇ”!

āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”āˇ€Â 

Strike
Gaziantep ⎄⎒ ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļĸāļą āļšāļģāļą Åžireci āļģ⎙āļ¯āˇ’āļ´āˇ’⎅⎒ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ [āļĄāˇāļēāˇāļģ⎖āļ´āļē: birlesiktekstil/Twitter]

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’āļē⎚  āļšāˇāļąāˇŠāļšāˇāļēāˇ (Cankaya) āļ¸āˇ„ āļąāļœāļģ ⎃āļˇāˇāˇ€āˇš  āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ“āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļē  āļœāˇ™āļą āļēāļą āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ‘⎄⎒  āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļŊ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇāˇ€āļē⎚  āļ¯āˇ“  ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ­āļģ⎊āļĸāļąāļē āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ„āļģ āļ¯āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļ…āļœāˇāˇƒāˇŠāļ­āˇ” 14āļ¯āˇ āļŊāˇāļš āˇƒāļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎀⎙āļļ⎊ āļ…āļŠāˇ€āˇ’āļē āˇ€āˇāļģ⎊āļ­āˇ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē.

āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇ„āļģ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš, āļĸ⎓⎀āļ­āˇŠ  ⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒāˇ” ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āļšāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļŸ āˇ€ āļ´āˇāļŊāļšāļē⎒āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’  āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ– āļœāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ”āļ¸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āˇƒāˇāļŸāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„āˇ  āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ‘āļšāļŸ āˇ€āˇ– āļ­āˇ“āļģāļą āļœāˇ’āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”⎅āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇœāļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”  āļšāļŊ ⎀āļ‚āļ āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļą āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļēāˇāļŊāļēāļ§ āļœāˇ’āļē āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļē. 

āļšāˇāļąāˇŠāļšāˇāļēāˇ  āļ¸āˇ„ āļąāļœāļģ ⎃āļˇāˇāˇ€āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’āļē⎚ DİSK āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ…āļąāˇ”āļļāļ¯āˇŠāļ° āļĸ⎙āļąāˇ™āļŊ⎊-āļ‰āˇƒāˇŠ(Genel-İş) āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āļąāļœāļģ ⎃āļˇāˇ āļ´āˇāļŊāļšāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ’āˇƒāˇŠāļšāˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠ ⎄⎐āļ§āˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”  āļšāļŊ āļ¸āˇš āļ­āˇ”āļ āˇŠāļĄ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļē āļ¯āˇāļŠāˇ’⎀ ⎄⎙āļŊāˇ āļ¯āļšāˇ’āļą  āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎒ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀ (āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļš), āļŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļąāˇāļŸāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„āˇāļ¯āļģāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļ¯āˇ‘āļ­ āļ¯āˇ’āļœāˇ”  āļšāļģāļē⎒.

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’āļē⎚ āļ¯āˇŠ‍āļģāˇāˇ„āˇ’ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē⎚ āļ¸āˇāļģ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ āļ¸āˇāļŠāˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļŊāˇœāˇ€ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļē āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸āļœ āļ´āˇ™āļŊ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ™āļą āļēāļą āļšāˇ”āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāļĢ⎀āļŊ āļšāˇœāļ§āˇƒāļšāˇ’. āļŊāˇāļšāļē āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ¸āˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§  ⎃āļ§āļąāˇŠ āļšāļŊ ⎄⎐āļšāˇŠāļšāˇš āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļģāļ§āļšāļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠāļšāļģāļą āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ¯āˇāļąāˇ”⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļ‘āļšāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇ”⎀āļšāļ§ āˇƒāļ§āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎐āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļē āļēāļą āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ„⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļš, āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ„āļēāˇāļœāļē āļļāļŊ āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ⎔āļœāˇāļąāˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ§ āļ‘āļą āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ ⎀⎐āļŠ āļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ“. 

āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļš āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāˇāļœāˇ”āˇ€āˇš, ⎄⎒āļ§āļ´āˇ”  ⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļēāļš āļĸāļąāˇāļ°āˇ’āļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļœāˇāļ§āˇāļˇāļē āļģāˇāļĸāļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āļ´āļŊāˇ€āˇ ⎄āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’ āļ¸āˇ„āļĸāļą āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē āļ­āˇ”āļŊ, āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āļ…āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļšāˇŠ āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇāļē. āļ‘āļē āļ´āļ¯āļąāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļŊ⎔āļ¸ āļ´āļšāˇŠāˇ‚⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āˇ€ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļļāļŊ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎒ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāˇāļœāˇ“āļ¸āļ§, ⎄āļ­āļģ⎀ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģāļē⎚ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀ (ICFI) āļšāļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒ āļ¯āļģ⎊⎁āļąāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ”āļ¸ āļ¸āļ­āļē.

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ“ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎒āļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ  ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ ⎀⎐āļŠāļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļœāˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸ āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļēāļš āļē⎙āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ¯āˇāļšāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļ¯ āˇƒāˇ„āˇ’āļ­ āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎄⎐āļ§āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļē.   

āļšāˇœāˇ€āˇ’āļŠāˇŠ āˇ€āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ­āļē āˇ„āˇ āļē⎔āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎚āļą  āļē⎔āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļē āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ“āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļģ ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āļ´āˇāļŊāļš āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē āļ‹āļ¯āˇŠāļ°āļ¸āļąāļē, āļģ⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ āļšāļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āˇ”⎀ āˇ„āˇ  āˇƒāˇ”āļļāˇƒāˇāļ°āļąāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ‹āļ¯āˇ”āļģāˇ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇ„āˇāļ§āˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇ€āˇāļŠ āļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļœāˇš āļšāļģ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ§āˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ“. āļŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’āļē āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ¯āˇƒ āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒāˇŠ āļœāļąāļąāˇŠ ⎀⎐āļŠ āļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēāˇ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āˇ„āˇ ⎀⎐āļŠ āˇ€āļģ⎊āļĸāļą āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļē āļ…āļģāļšāˇ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģāļē⎚ āļ†āˇ€āļ­āˇšāˇ€āļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ ⎀āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āˇ”āļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ āļšāļŠāˇ āļ´āˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊ⎐āļļ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇšāļē. 

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš ⎀⎐āļŠ āļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēāˇ āļ¯ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ’āļŗāˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļšāˇ“ āļ­āļ­āˇ”āļ¸āļē. ⎀āļģ⎊āļ­āļ¸āˇāļą āļģāļąāˇ’āļŊ⎊ ⎀⎒āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļœāˇš āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļšāļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āˇ” ⎀⎐āļŠ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀āļŊ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇ˜āļœ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāˇƒāļąāˇŠāļą āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ’āˇ€āˇāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ…āļ­āļšāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ‘āˇƒāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇ āļąāˇœāļšāļģāļą āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āˇ€āˇāļģ⎔⎀ āļŊāļļāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’. āļ¸āˇš āˇ€āˇƒāļģ⎚ āļ¸āˇ”āļŊ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ›āļąāˇ’āļĸ āļ­āˇ™āļŊ⎊, ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒āļē āļĸāļŊ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļą āˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇžāļ›āˇŠ‍āļē āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļēāļą āļˇāˇāļœāļēāļšāļ§ āˇ€āˇāļŠāˇ’ ⎃āļ‚āļ›āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāˇ€āļšāˇŠ āļšāļ´āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āˇ” āˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇžāļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎓āļšāļģāļĢāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ ⎀āļģ⎊āļĸāļą āˇ„āˇ ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ āˇāļģ āļ¯āˇāļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ”⎄. āļ¯āˇ’āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āˇāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠ‍āļēāļēāļąāˇŠāļœāˇš ⎀⎒āļģāˇāļ°āļ­āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ‹āļ­āˇŠāļ­āļģāļē ⎀⎓ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ…āļ°āˇ’āļšāļģāļą  āļ­āˇ„āļąāļ¸āˇŠ āļ´āļąāˇ€āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ’āˇ€āˇāļ§ āļ¸āˇ’āļŊ⎒āļ§āļģ⎒āļē āļē⎜āļ¯āˇ āļ´āˇ„āļģ āļ¯āˇ“ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ”āļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ ⎄⎐āļģ⎓āļ¸āļē⎒. āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē⎚ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļģ⎔⎀ āļŊāļļāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āļģ⎊āļ¯āļą āļ…āļą āļ´āļąāļ­āˇŠ āļē⎜āļ¯āˇ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”⎀ āļœāˇ™āļąāļēāļą āļ¸āˇ˜āļœ āļ¸āļģ⎊āļ¯āļąāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš ⎀⎐āļŠāļšāļģāļą āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļ§ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģ⎓āļē āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļŊāļļāˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļšāˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸āļšāˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­āˇ’ āļļ⎀āļē⎒.

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļ¯ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš ⎃⎐āļŊāˇƒāˇ”āļ¸āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļ´āˇ™āļŊāļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ…āļē⎔āļģ⎔ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ āļ…āļ­āˇŠ āļ¯āļšāˇ’āļ­āˇ’. “āļģāļ§āˇš ⎀āļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļ­āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇŠāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļœāˇāļŊāļ´āˇ™āļą āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¯āˇ’ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļē⎔⎄āļœāļ­ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļšāļŊ āļē⎔āļ­āˇ””āļē⎐āļē⎒  āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ”āˇ€āˇš āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎒āļšāļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇ ⎀⎒āļ¯āˇ”āļŊ⎒ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļš āˇƒāļ‚āļœāļ¸āļē⎚ āļąāˇāļēāļšāļēāļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģāļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļą āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊ⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāˇ€ āļšāˇœāļŊāļš āˇ€āļģāˇāļē, āļ­āˇ™āļŊ⎊ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔  āļ´āˇ”āļ¯āˇŠāļœāļŊ⎒āļšāļģāļąāļēāļ§ āļąāļ­āˇ” ⎀⎖ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ­āˇāļąāļšāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’  āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļšāˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠāˇ€ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠ āļ´āˇ’⎅⎒⎀⎙āļŊāļ§ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āļą  āˇƒāˇ„āļēāˇāļœāļē⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļē āļ´āˇāˇ„⎐āļ¯āˇ’āļŊ⎒ ⎀ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ“ āļēāļē⎒.

āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇāļą āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļēāļš āļœāˇ’āļŊ⎓ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļšāˇ™āļģ⎙āļą āļ¸āˇāļģāˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļąāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš, āļ‘āļšāˇ“ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀⎓āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļēāļ§ āļąāˇœāˇ„⎐āļšāˇ’ āļē. āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē āˇƒāˇāļ´āˇšāļšāˇŠāˇ‚ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āˇƒāˇ“āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ”āļŊ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇ’ āļē⎔āļœāļēāļš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āˇƒāļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļšāļģāļą āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ…āļģāļœāļŊ āļ¸āˇ™āˇ„⎙āļē⎀āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āˇ„āˇ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎄⎙āļ§āˇŠāļ§āˇ” āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāļąāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļ‘āļ¸āļŸāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē⎚ ⎃āļ¸āļŽāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āˇƒāˇšāˇ€āļē āļšāļŊ āļŊāˇ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģ, āļąāˇ’āˇ‚āˇŠāļ´āˇāļ¯āļąāļē⎚ āļœāˇāļŊ⎓āļēāļšāļģāļąāļēāļ­āˇŠ ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āˇƒāļ¸āˇŠāļ´āˇ–āļģ⎊āļą āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļēāļšāˇŠ āļšāļģāˇ āļœāļ¸āļąāˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. ⎀āļģ⎊āļ­āļ¸āˇāļą āļŊāˇāļš āļ´āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇāļą āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļ āˇāļģ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āˇ€āˇ’āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē āļ¸āļ­ āˇ„āˇ™āļŊāļąāˇ” āļŊāļļāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ¸āˇ”⎄⎔āļą āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇœāļąāļ¸ āˇ„āˇ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇāļŠ āļ´āˇ’⎅⎒⎀⎙āļŊāļšāˇŠ āļąāˇœāļ´āˇāˇ€āļ­āˇ“āļ¸ āļąāˇ’āˇƒāˇ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ ‘āˇƒāˇ„āļą’ āļ¯āˇ’āļąāˇ āļ¯āˇ™āļąāˇŠāļąāļąāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇ’ āļˇāˇ–āļ¸āˇ’āļšāˇāˇ€ ⎀⎛⎂āļē⎒āļš āˇ€ āļ…āˇ„āˇāˇƒāˇ’ ⎀⎓ āļœāˇœāˇƒāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļ­āļ­āˇ” āļēāļ§āļ­āˇš, āļ¯āˇāļąāˇŠ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇ™āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠāļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠāļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē⎚ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļš âŖāļļāļŊ āļ‡āļąāˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇ™āˇƒāˇš āļœāˇāļŊ⎓āļē āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļēāļšāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļœāˇ’āļŊ⎓ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļē āˇƒāˇ’āļē āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ¯āļģāļą āļ¸āˇāļģāˇāļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļēāļ­āˇŠāļąāļē⎚ āļ¯āˇ“ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āˇƒāˇ„āļšāļģāˇ”āˇ€āˇ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ ⎀ āļ•āļąāˇ‘āļ¸ āļ¯āˇ”āļģāļšāˇŠ āļē⎑āļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āˇƒāˇ–āļ¯āˇāļąāļ¸ āļŊāˇœāˇ€ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāļ¯āˇāļšāˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļ¸āļœāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ­āˇ„⎀⎔āļģ⎔ ⎀⎙āļē⎒. āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’āļē⎚ āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸āˇš āļ¯āˇ“ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ ⎄⎒āļ¸āˇ’āļšāļ¸āˇŠ ⎀⎙āļąāˇ”⎀⎙āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ™āļąāˇ“ āļąāˇœāˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ“āļ¸ āļœāˇāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģ⎁⎊āļą āļšāļģāļąāˇŠāļąāļ§ āļšāˇāļģ⎊āļēāˇāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļšāˇāļē⎒āļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ āļ‘āļŊ⎊āļŊ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āļ§ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ´āˇƒāˇ”āļ´āˇƒāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ´āˇ€āļ­āˇ’āļą āļēāļŽāˇāļģ⎊āļ­āļē ⎀āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš āļ‘āļēāļē⎒.

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’āļē⎚ āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ‘āļ¸ āļģāļ§āļšāļ¸ āļ¯ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļģ⎐āļšāˇ’āļēāˇ, ⎀⎐āļ§āˇ”āļ´āˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ…āļē⎒āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠ āļģ⎐āļš āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸āˇš āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­ āˇ€āˇāļ§āˇ“ āļ‡āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇš āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§āļ­āˇŠ, āļ‘⎄⎒ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āļšāļēāˇ ⎀āļą āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊāļ§āļ­āˇŠ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ āļļ⎀ ⎀āļ§āˇ„āˇ āļœāˇ™āļą āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļą āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļš, āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āˇ„āˇ āļ¸āļ°āˇŠ‍āļēāļ¸ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļš āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāļē āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ‚āļœāļ­ āˇƒāļ¸āļœ āļ´āˇ™āļŊ āļœāˇāˇƒāˇ“ āļœāˇ™āļąāļēāļą āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļ­āˇ’āļœāˇāļ¸āˇ“ āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļ´āˇāļģāļē ⎄⎙āļŊ⎒āļ¯āļģāˇ€āˇŠ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āļē  āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āˇƒāļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāˇāļŸāˇ“āļ¸ āļ­āˇ“āļģāļąāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āļšāˇāļģāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­āˇŠāˇ€ āļ‡āļ­āˇāļē⎒ āļēāļąāˇŠāļą āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒ āļœāļąāˇ“. āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āˇ“āļŠāˇ’āļ­ āļĸāļąāļēāˇāļœāˇš āļ†āļģ⎊āļŽāˇ’āļš, āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą āˇ„āˇ āļĸ⎓⎀āļą āļ…āˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļēāļ­āˇ āļąāˇ’āļēāˇāļĸāļąāļē āļšāļģāļą, āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļ…āļˇāˇ’āļ¸āļ­āļē āļ¸āļ­ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ‘āļšāˇ“ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļ­āˇ”āļŊ, āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āˇ„āˇ āļ‘⎄⎒ āļģāˇāļĸ⎊‍āļēāļēāļ§ āļœāˇāļ§ āļœāˇƒāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ°āļąāˇšāˇāˇŠāˇ€āļģ āļ…āļģ⎊āļļ⎔āļ¯āļē⎚ āļļāļģ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļšāļģ āļ¸āļ­ āļ´āļ§āˇ€āļą āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļēāļąāˇŠ āļ‡āļ­āˇ”āļŊ⎔ āļ°āļąāļ´āļ­āˇ’ āļ’āļĸāļąāˇŠāļ­āļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ¸āˇœāļąāļ¸ āļ‰āļŠāļšāˇŠāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ āļąāˇāļ­. āļ´āˇāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļšāļ´āˇ ⎄āļģ⎒āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāˇāļą āļĸāļēāļœāˇŠ‍āļģ⎄āļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ¯āļšāˇŠāˇ€āˇ āļœāˇ™āļą āļēāˇāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸āˇŠ, āˇƒāˇāļšāļ āˇŠāļĄāˇ ⎄āļģāˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļ­āˇ“āļąāˇŠāļ¯āˇ”⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘⎅āļšāˇ™āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āļ‘⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą, āļ…āˇ€āˇŠ‍āļēāˇāļĸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎃āļ‚⎀⎒āļ°āˇāļą āļ…āļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāˇ€āˇāˇŠ‍āļē āļē. 

āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāˇāļŸāˇ“āļ¸ āļ¯, āļŊāˇāļšāļē āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ‘⎀⎐āļąāˇ’ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀āļŊ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ ⎃āļąāˇŠāļ°āˇāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ āļ´āˇ’⎄⎒āļ§āˇ”⎀⎓āļ¸ āļ¸āļŸāˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇ’āļē⎚ ⎀⎛⎂āļē⎒āļš āļ‘āļšāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇ”⎀ āļ­āˇ„⎀⎔āļģ⎔ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸ āļ¯ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ āļŊāˇāˇƒāˇ€āˇ™āļ… āˇ„āļģāˇ„āˇ ⎄āļĸāˇāļĸāˇāļš āļąāˇ’āļšāˇ”āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āˇ’ āļšāˇāļŗāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āļ§ āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļš āˇƒāˇ’āļē āˇƒāˇ„āļēāˇāļœāļē āļ´āļŊ āļšāļģāļē⎒. āļ¸āˇ™āļ¸ āˇ€āˇāļŠ āļ´āˇ’āļŊ⎒⎀⎙āļŊ āļ‰āļ¯āˇ’āļģ⎒āļ´āļ­āˇŠ āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ‘āļ­ āļšāˇāļŊāļē⎚āļ¯āˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāˇƒāļ´ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ” āļšāļŊ āļ¸āˇāļ¯āˇ’⎄āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇ“āļ¸āˇŠ āļœāļąāļąāˇāˇ€āļš āļ¯āˇ“ āļ¸ āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ āļ¸āˇāļ¯āˇ’⎄āļ­āˇŠ ⎀⎓āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ”⎀⎔āļąāˇŠāļ§ āļšāˇāļē⎒āļš āļ…āļŠāļ¸āˇŠāļ­āˇšāļ§āˇŠāļ§āļ¸āˇŠ āˇƒāˇ„ āˇ€āˇāļ āˇ’āļš āļ­āļģ⎊āļĸāļą āļ¯, āļļāˇāļ°āˇ āļšāˇ’āļģ⎓āļ¸āˇŠ āļ¯ āˇƒāˇ’āļ¯āˇ”āļšāˇ™āļģ⎔āļąāˇ’. āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļš āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ ⎃⎃āļ´ āˇ„āˇ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļŊ⎚āļē. 

āļšāˇœāļšāˇŠ‍āļģāļš āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¸ āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļ¯, āļŊāˇœāˇ€ āļ´āˇ”āļģāˇ āļ¯ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇ™āļąāˇŠ āļ¯ āļ‰āļŊ⎊āļŊāˇ āˇƒāˇ’āļ§āˇ’āļąāˇŠāļąāˇš ⎃āļ¸āˇāļœāļ¸āˇŠ āˇ„āˇ āļ†āļąāˇŠāļŠāˇ” ⎃āļ¸āļœ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āˇœāļŊāˇ“āˇƒāˇ’āļēāļšāˇŠ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļ­āˇŠāļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’⎀āļŊ⎒āļąāˇŠ āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļąāˇ€ āļ­āļ¸āļąāˇŠāļœāˇšāļ¸ āļ¯āˇšāˇāļ´āˇāļŊāļą āļļāļŊ ⎃āļ‚āˇƒāˇŠāļŽāˇ āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāļœāˇ āļœāļąāˇ’āļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļ’āˇ€āˇ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇ’āļšāˇ€āļ­āˇŠ, āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ⎀āļ­āˇŠ āļ‘āļšāļ¸āˇ”āļ­āˇ” āļšāļģāļ¸āˇ’āļąāˇŠ, āļšāļ§āļē⎔āļ­āˇ” āļ­āļ¸ āļ´āˇāļŊāļąāļē āļēāļ§āļ­āļ§ āļœāˇāļąāˇ“āļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āˇ ⎀āļą āļ…āļģāļœāļŊāļē āˇ„āˇ āļ…āļ­āˇŠāˇ€āˇāļŊ⎊ āļļ⎐āļŗ āļœāļąāˇŠāļąāˇ āļŊāˇ™āˇƒāļē. āļąāˇ’āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āļ‹āļ¯āˇ™āˇƒāˇ āļ’ āˇ„āˇāļģ āļ…āļąāˇŠ āļ¸āˇāˇ€āļ­āļšāˇŠ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔ āļ´āļ‚āļ­āˇ’āļēāļ§ āļąāˇāļ­.

āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇ’, āˇƒāˇŠāˇ€āˇāļ°āˇ“āļą āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ” āļœāˇœāļŠ āļąāļœāļąāˇ”!

āļŊāļ‚āļšāˇāˇ€āˇš āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āˇ„āˇ āļ¯āˇ”āļœāˇ“āļąāˇŠāļœāˇš āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāļĸāˇāļ­āļąāˇŠāļ­āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ āˇ„āˇ ⎃āļ¸āˇāļĸāˇ€āˇāļ¯āˇ“ ⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļ¸āˇšāļŊāļąāļē āļœāˇœāļŠāļąāļœāļ¸āˇ”! 

âŖāļšāļ¸āˇ’āļšāļģ⎔ āļšāˇŠ‍āļģ⎒āļēāˇāļšāˇāļģ⎓ āļšāļ¸āˇ’āļ§āˇ”⎀āļŊ āļĸāˇāļ­āˇŠ‍āļēāļąāˇŠāļ­āļģ ⎃āļ‚āļ°āˇāļąāļēāļšāˇŠ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āˇ āļ´āˇ™āļģāļ§!

āˇ€āˇ˜āļ­āˇŠāļ­āˇ“āļē ⎃āļ¸āˇ’āļ­āˇ’ āļąāˇ’āļŊāļ°āļģāļē⎚ āļ¸āˇāļģ āļ´āˇŠ‍āļģāˇ„āˇāļģāļēāļąāˇŠāļ§ āļ‘āļģ⎙⎄⎒⎀ āļ­āˇ”āļģ⎊āļšāˇ’ āļšāļ¸āˇŠāļšāļģ⎔⎀āļąāˇŠ āļ†āļģāļšāˇŠāˇ‚āˇ āļšāļģāļąāˇ”! Read More Âģ

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In defence of SEP: The call to build on historical lessons of the Trotskyist movement for intra-party democracy

By Nihal Gikianage for SEP-SL Left Faction

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Revolutionary Handbooks

The letter posted below was sent on October 28, 2022 by the comrades of the Left Faction of Sri Lanka Socialist Equality Party (SEP), Chilaw branch, to its General Secretary Deepal Jayasekara, to defend the party from the anti-democratic and conspiratorial activities of the party leadership.  Such efforts by the members were frowned upon by the party bureaucracy and led to the party leadership’s disastrous decision that there was no other option but to expel a large number of comrades.  It should be noted that the first time even the party members were reading this letter was when this was published originally in Sinhala language here on August 7, 2023.  Dozens of letters sent by the SEP-SL left faction to the party leadership were thrown into the dustbin without any discussion within the membership.

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Deepal Jayasekara, 

General Secretary, Socialist Equality Party- Sri Lanka.

Dear Comrade,

Three months have passed since the membership of comrades Nandana, Sanjay and Ananda Wakkumbura has been suspended, but up to date no political issue has been raised regarding these three.

There must be political reasons for a dispute in the revolutionary party. They must be irreconcilable class antagonisms, not mere ‘reasons’. We categorically state in all seriousness that you have no such reasons to offer.

We are engaged in a continuous struggle in our branch opposing the undemocratic suspension of the party membership of these comrades. The branch leadership says that raising this issue itself is against the centralism of the party. Establishing centralism against democracy is the practice of the party regime. As against this, every effort made to examine the historical experience of the world Marxist movement was opposed by the party regime including the branch leadership. It is a sign that the political health of the party has deteriorated.

In analyzing the issues that arise within the party, the policy based on dialectical materialism is to call upon the historical wisdom of our movement. But it is difficult to get the majority of the membership towards this approach. Even under these circumstances, we the undersigned, Wijesinghe, Punyawardena and Nihal in the Chilaw branch are fighting without let up against this anti-democratic action taken by the party.

Engaging in political struggle or trying to develop discussions for political clarity are the real reasons for suspending the membership of these comrades. The leadership has worked to carry out their actions without facing serious opposition in the party membership although they were done without any discussion with the three comrades and without giving them an opportunity to present the facts. This was achieved by a campaign of lies and accusations against these comrades. For example, the propaganda that they have rejected the party’s invitations to negotiate. Another one is the propaganda that comrade Nandana chases away those who come to join the party saying they are police spies.

Nihal raised this question in his intervention at the members’ meeting last attended by Comrade Wijay in last July.

He quoted this passage taken from the Declination of the Bolshevik Party from Trotsky’s brilliant work “Revolution Betrayed” ” The inner regime of the Bolshevik party was characterized by the method of democratic centralism. The combination of these two concepts, democracy and centralism, is not in the least contradictory. The party took watchful care not only that its boundaries should always be strictly defined, but also that all those who entered these boundaries should enjoy the actual right to define the direction of the party policy.

Freedom of criticism and intellectual struggle was an irrevocable content of the party democracy. The present doctrine that Bolshevism does not tolerate factions is a myth of epoch decline. In reality the history of Bolshevism is a history of the struggle of factions. And, indeed, how could a genuinely revolutionary organization, setting itself the task of overthrowing the world and uniting under its banner the most audacious iconoclasts, fighters and insurgents, live and develop without intellectual conflicts, without groupings and temporary factional formations? The farsightedness of the Bolshevik leadership often made it possible to soften conflicts and shorten the duration of factional struggle, but no more than that. The Central Committee relied upon this seething democratic support. From this it derived the audacity to make decisions and give orders. The obvious correctness of the leadership at all critical stages gave it that high authority which is the priceless moral capital of centralism.” (Chapter 2: The Degeneration of the Bolshevik Party; 2nd Paragraph – Revolution Betrayed)

After this long quote, he asked Comrade Wijay to re-assess the decision taken against these comrades who are well experienced and very close to the International Committee, placing it in this context.

Taking this struggle forward when Comrade Nihal raised the question about these comrades in the Chilaw branch, Comrade Quintin threateningly requested the local secretary Kapila to call for a vote and throw him out, Kapila said that he would not hesitate to do so.

It was the Ratnasiri leadership of the Ambalangoda branch who first conducted this vote taking. Comrade Nandana accused the party leadership of using gimmicks during the recent party congress. He requested a discussion about the congress to solve these problems. Solely on this matter, when three members of the committee including Nandana were absent, Ratnasiri the local secretary, a member of the party’s political committee, confirmed the allegation by Nandana’s that the party leadership is resorting to gimmicks, by calling for a vote and banning Nandana’s membership. The political committee suspended his membership without any discussion.

We allege that there are threats to implement the same policy in other branches in which, there are members fighting for the suspended comrades. ie. Ambalangoda, Kandy, Kolonnawa and Chilaw.

In the Chilaw branch we continuously fought to consider these questions based on the historical knowledge of our own Trotskyist movement. But the branch leadership always declared that this is a petty bourgeois tendency and will be purged from the party. The party has not made any political explanation up to date of this so-called petty bourgeois tendency. Even if we accept that this is such a tendency for a moment, we cannot agree to the behavior of the leadership at all.

Comrade Nihal brought forth an example from Trotsky’s ” In Defense of Marxism” to inform the branch members about how the Trotskyist movement fought with petty bourgeois tendencies. This was not regarding a bogus charge of ‘petty bourgeois tendency’ that is thrust upon on Nandana, Wakkumbura and Sanjay by the leadership, but of an actual petty bourgeois tendency that arose in the Socialist Workers Party in 1939. “The following question can be posed: If the opposition is a petty-bourgeois tendency does that signify further unity is impossible? Then how reconcile the petty-bourgeois tendency with the proletarian? To pose the question like this means to judge one-sidedly, undialectically and thus falsely. In the present discussion the opposition has clearly manifested its petty-bourgeois features. But this does not mean that the opposition has no other features. The majority of the members of the opposition are doubly devoted to the cause of the proletariat and are capable of learning. Tied today to a petty-bourgeois milieu they can tomorrow tie themselves to the proletariat. The inconsistent ones, under the influence of experience, can become more consistent. When the party embraces thousands of workers even the professional factionalists can re-educate themselves in the spirit of proletarian discipline. It is necessary to give them time for this. That is why comrade Cannon’s proposal to keep the discussion free from any threats of split, expulsions, etc., was absolutely correct and in place.”

(https://www.wsws.org/en/special/library/in-defense-of-marxism-leon-trotsky1939/11.html)

Trotsky’s attitude towards the Burnham, Shatman and Abern group, which clearly showed petty bourgeois characteristics in the Trotskyist movement, is clear.

Moreover, let us consider by a short excerpt, how Comrade North used Trotsky’s explanations in ‘In defense of Marxism’ in the work, ‘how did the Workers Revolutionary Party betray Trotskyism’, in his struggle. “To make matters worse, the political differences raised by Thornett, to the extent that they had been developed in the autumn of 1974, had not reached the level at which a split could be justified in front of the working class. It was not sufficient for Healy and Banda to have a hunch, no matter how astute, that Thornett was functioning as an agent of the OCI. In 1940 Trotsky had warned Cannon not to take premature organizational measures against the minority, insisting that “you must act not only on the basis of your subjective appreciations, as correct as they may be, but on the basis of objective facts available to everyone” And he cautioned that organizational impatience “is not infrequently connected with theoretical indifference.” (In Defense of Marxism, New Park, p. 198)

(https://www.wsws.org/en/special/library/how-the-wrp-betrayedtrotskyism/06.html )

It is clear that the party has resorted to a policy of those who turned their backs to Trotskyism instead that of Trotskyism. It is a matter that needs to be examined. We are working on it and we think the party leadership will consider it seriously.

For that, we suggest that the party leadership, including you, should re-assess this organizational step in this historical context.

Over the past period, the entire party revolved around secondary issues, and as a result, the party failed to anticipate the class struggle that started in Sri Lanka in April and is still going on, and to make a successful intervention in it. In order to cut through the party’s past political setbacks and make a revolutionary intervention in the class struggle implementing the perspective of developing Action Committees and proceeding towards a congress of Action Committees in keeping with the perspectives of the International Committee, the internal problems of the party must first be resolved. This is because the International Committee has very clearly and brilliantly identified that this decade as the decade of revolutions and wars, and identified this as a unique period for the world Trotskyist movement. The political setback of our party is taking place in this context.

The leadership did not undertake the task of understanding the idea of building Action committees through a serious discussion within the cadre. In a discussion about action committees in the Chilaw branch, we presented a quote from Trotsky’s ‘Death agony of Capitalism’. ” Soviets are not limited to an a priori party program. They throw open their doors to all the exploited. Through these doors pass representatives of all strata, drawn into the general current of the struggle. The organization, broadening out together with the movement, is renewed again and again in its womb. All political currents of the proletariat can struggle for leadership of the soviets on the basis of the widest democracy. The slogan of soviets, therefore, crowns the program of transitional demands.” (The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International; Chapter 14 – The Soviets – Paragraph 3) On these occasions, the branch secretary Comrade Kapila said, “We are not building them so that each and every person could walk through these doors.” This exposes the party leadership’s idea about working committees.

These differences of opinion call for a genuine democratic discussion to consider the responsibilities our party in facing the current class struggle.

In the book “The Russian Revolution and the Unfinished Twentieth Century”, Comrade Noth’s explanation about internal party democracy, ” The importance of inner-party democracy was not simply one of abstract principle, nor was its practical significance limited to its direct impact on the field of economic policy. What was ultimately at stake in the struggle waged by Trotsky in defense of Soviet democracy was the fate of the entire heritage of socialist culture and revolutionary thought as it had developed in the international workers movement over the previous century. The bureaucracy dealt with Marxism as it did with Lenin’s corpse: it was mummified and made the object of ritualistic and semimystical incantations. After 1927 Marxism, for all intents and purposes, ceased to play any role whatsoever in the formulation of Soviet policy. The defeat of the Opposition sounded the death knell for the development of critical thought in virtually every sphere of intellectual and cultural activity.”

(https://www.wsws.org/en/special/library/russian-revolution-unfinishedtwentieth-century/04.html )

Drawing your attention to the points we explained in this letter, the suspension of the party membership of the three comrades should be removed, and this discussion should be resolved within the party. If there is a reason for not doing so, please explain. 

Fraternally, 

Nihal Geekianage, 

Punyawardena, 

K. Wijesinghe 

28.10.2022

In defence of SEP: The call to build on historical lessons of the Trotskyist movement for intra-party democracy Read More Âģ

amarathunga

In defence of SEP: Countering the purge of Comrade Amaratunga from Ambalangoda Local

By L.P. Udayaprema, for SEP-SL Left Faction 

amarathunga
Amaratunga at a SEP May Day demonstration 

The letter posted below was sent on November 16, 2022 by Comrade Udayaprema of the Ambalangoda branch of the Sri Lanka Socialist Equality Party (SEP) to its General Secretary Deepal Jayasekara to defend the party from the anti-democratic and conspiratorial activities of the party leadership.  Such efforts by the members were frowned upon by the party bureaucracy and led to the party leadership’s disastrous decision that there was no other option but to expel a large number of comrades.  It should be noted that the first time even the party members were reading this letter was when this was published originally in Sinhala language here on August 7, 2023.  Dozens of letters sent by the SEP-SL left faction to the party leadership were thrown into the dustbin without any discussion within the membership.

***

Comrade Jayasekara,

Regarding the expulsion of Comrade Amaratunga of the Ambalangoda Local Council by Comrade Ratnasiri, the secretary of the Local, abusing his authority

Comrade Ratnasiri, claiming that comrade Amaratunga has left the party, has barred comrade Amaratunga’s participation in the Local meetings since 7th July 2022. Comrade Ratnasiri considers a statement made by comrade Amarathunga protesting the arbitrary suspension of the three comrades Nandana, Sanjaya and Wakkumbura as the reason for this criminal act, which was carried out arbitrarily without any discussion in the Local assembly. What Comrade Amaratunga said was, “If things are being done this way, there is no point in being in this party any longer”.

As reported to the local council, Ratnasiri’s action was approved by the political committee without any inquiry!

The conflict between Amaratunga and Ratnasiri arose out of Ratnasiri’s continuous wrong political practices in the Local. To understand these differences of opinion, let us bring to your attention of 3 incidents.

It is unconstitutional for the Political Committee to suspend Comrade Nandana’s membership while he was a member of the party Central Committee. Comrade Udayprema cited our constitution and raised these issues in the local assembly. Ratnasiri making a phone call to Amaratunga specifically for this purpose said that there is no such paragraph in the constitution. Later at a subsequent discussion of the Local, Ratnasiri had to admit that what he said was a lie. Amaratunga intervened on that occasion condemning this irresponsible act.

Despite the fact that there were many issues that needed to be resolved, the leadership’s attempt to hold the party conference, without allowing for a discussion, in violation of the constitution, led to a controversy in the Ambalangoda Local committee. 

Ratnasiri said that the constitution is not decisive. To confirm this, he lied that Lenin did not implement the April thesis following a decision in a congress. He further argued that the October Revolution would not have happened if conferences had to be held like that. We pointed out that the above thesis was presented to the Bolshevik Central Committee on 6th April, 1917 and to the Party Congress on April 10 and was adopted by the Congress, but Ratnasiri continued to defend his incorrect position.

Three members, including Comrade Nandana, requested that the Local commitee, which was to be held on 15 th June, be convened on another day as they were not in a position to attend. Despite this , secretary Ratnasiri assembled the Local commitee without the relevant comrades and proceeded to pass a resolution to suspend Comrade Nandana. Condemning this anti-democratic act, Comrade Amaratunga insisted that he is against holding this vote and therefore will not participate in it. Later, he informed the political committee that the Ratnasiri’s resolution was approved by a majority vote and that Amaratunga was neutral and the political committee implemented that decision. Amaratunga was not neutral, but was opposed to holding the vote.

Amaratunga, like many other comrades, was confused by this provocation which the party leadership consciously implemented. Amaratunga suggested to the committee to take steps for political clarity in order to correct these mistakes. Under these circumstances only, came Amaratunga’s remarks that he could no longer continue under this leadership. But Ratnasiri took this as an opportunity to advance the current situation in which actions are being taken to hunt down the party members who do not support anti-democratic, anti-tradition and anti-theoretical actions.

Through the intervention of Udayaprema and Geetha in the local committee, a consensus was reached that the problem should be resolved by discussing with Amaratunga.

Accordingly, Udayaprema was assigned to meet Amaratunga. Amaratunga told Udaya that there is no solution (politically speaking) other than the party; and that he is waiting for the date of the local committee meeting to be announced. It was reported to the local assembly, but Ratnasiri did not agree to invite him. He said that Amaratunga should make a written request to join the party as a new member. Ratnasiri rejected that Amaratunga did not leave the party.

Our party had a tradition of trying to solve problems such as this by sending a representative of the political committee to participate in the local committee. Such practices have been abandoned since many years. Now this is another example of uprooting the traditions and accepted practices needed for gaining political clarity. An important fact here is that the leadership worked to sweep away like dust a worker with a continuous history of 46 years in the party. When Amaratunga was working as a miner, he came forward to oppose the betrayal by the LSSP trade union and, the union leadership and the employers conspired together to sack him. He lost his job. He turned to RCL with this experience. The party has now given him the same treatment as the leaders of that trade union. He was greatly shocked and it affected his health. If not for our intervention and explanations made at the request of his family members, even his life would have been endangered.

He fought tirelessly against the 30-year war and against the JVP’s tyranny. He is a much respected and loved fighter in the area as well as within the party. He has a record of being true to the International Committee and the Party at all times. Since 1989, he has been suffering from a severe heart disease and he did not consider this condition as an obstacle to any of party work. Neighbors regard him as a leader because of the life he spent as a man who does not bow down to backwardness and always standing by principles.

When in 1978 Basil Fernando and Siriwardena rejected party perspectives outright, the RCL discussed with them for 6 months and tried to get political clarity. Such actions were

based on the decisive lessons of the struggle that Trotsky and Cannon had with Burnham Shatman group. When we raised these issues, Ratnasiri denounced this historical experience as mistakes made during the time of Healy. These statements, and the dismissal, shows the petty bourgeoise disregard for the history of the movement. This fact has been confirmed by the way in which the comrades Nandana, Sanjaya and Vakkambura have been treated as well as Amaratunga. What is important is to develop the party and thereby intensify the class struggle by raising the issues regarding perspectives and programme and clarifying them. Instead of that, such behaviors open the doors of the party to petty bourgeoise opportunism. We insist that it is necessary to realize this without delay.

In the first local meeting after 3rd Party conference (on 25.5.2022), Comrade Ratnasiri tried to appoint office bearers, keeping Comrades Nandana, Geetha and Udayaprema away. This has been informed to you by Comrade Nandana in his letter dated 29.5.2022, but you have chosen to ignore it.

Comrade Ratnasiri had informed the above comrades that the meeting would be started at 7.30 PM and, started it at 7 PM informing only the other members of the branch. After that, officials were appointed before the political discussion with an anti-traditional haste. Comrade Nandana’s opposition in this regard was introduced as sabotage. Comrade Amaratunga and the above three comrades left the meeting opposing the suppression of discussion and threatening of the local leadership. 

We warn that it is extremely dangerous for the leadership to continue to disregard the old traditions and constitution of the party in the current intense class struggle, and to expel the comrades who have been members of the party for a long time without any discussion  is opening the door to the reaction.

Comrade Missaka, who was a member of the Central Committee until he left the party, and a young Comrade Hirun, who demanded a discussion about the arbitrary actions of the party leadership have left the party, because even the 3rd Party Congress last year too defended these actions. Even though they have made written submissions to the leadership, no discussion whatsoever had been held within the party regarding them up to this date.

Dismissal of political, theoretical and organizational issues emerging within the acute situation of the contemporary class struggle, without any assessment or clarification is a clear indication that the party is being driven by pragmatism. For this reason, we understand that, it is required to have a genuine democratic discussion on the problems that have arisen regarding the comrades who have been kept away from the party including Amaratunga, which would be an essential requirement in order to understand the tasks of the party at a higher level and to create the necessary organizational preparations in implementing them. For that, we propose all four comrades mentioned here should be reinstated as members immediately.

We suggest that this letter should be shared among the party membership and a discussion should be commenced. 

Fraternally, 

Udayaprema, Geeta 

Local Council, Ambalangoda. 

16.11.2022

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amarathunga

In defence of SEP: Countering the purge of Comrade Amaratunga from Ambalangoda Local

By L.P. Udayaprema, for SEP-SL Left Faction 

amarathunga
Amaratunga at a SEP May Day demonstration 

The letter posted below was sent on November 16, 2022 by Comrade Udayaprema of the Ambalangoda branch of the Sri Lanka Socialist Equality Party (SEP) to its General Secretary Deepal Jayasekara to defend the party from the anti-democratic and conspiratorial activities of the party leadership.  Such efforts by the members were frowned upon by the party bureaucracy and led to the party leadership’s disastrous decision that there was no other option but to expel a large number of comrades.  It should be noted that the first time even the party members were reading this letter was when this was published originally in Sinhala language here on August 7, 2023.  Dozens of letters sent by the SEP-SL left faction to the party leadership were thrown into the dustbin without any discussion within the membership.

***

Comrade Jayasekara,

Regarding the expulsion of Comrade Amaratunga of the Ambalangoda Local Council by Comrade Ratnasiri, the secretary of the Local, abusing his authority

Comrade Ratnasiri, claiming that comrade Amaratunga has left the party, has barred comrade Amaratunga’s participation in the Local meetings since 7th July 2022. Comrade Ratnasiri considers a statement made by comrade Amarathunga protesting the arbitrary suspension of the three comrades Nandana, Sanjaya and Wakkumbura as the reason for this criminal act, which was carried out arbitrarily without any discussion in the Local assembly. What Comrade Amaratunga said was, “If things are being done this way, there is no point in being in this party any longer”.

As reported to the local council, Ratnasiri’s action was approved by the political committee without any inquiry!

The conflict between Amaratunga and Ratnasiri arose out of Ratnasiri’s continuous wrong political practices in the Local. To understand these differences of opinion, let us bring to your attention of 3 incidents.

It is unconstitutional for the Political Committee to suspend Comrade Nandana’s membership while he was a member of the party Central Committee. Comrade Udayprema cited our constitution and raised these issues in the local assembly. Ratnasiri making a phone call to Amaratunga specifically for this purpose said that there is no such paragraph in the constitution. Later at a subsequent discussion of the Local, Ratnasiri had to admit that what he said was a lie. Amaratunga intervened on that occasion condemning this irresponsible act.

Despite the fact that there were many issues that needed to be resolved, the leadership’s attempt to hold the party conference, without allowing for a discussion, in violation of the constitution, led to a controversy in the Ambalangoda Local committee. 

Ratnasiri said that the constitution is not decisive. To confirm this, he lied that Lenin did not implement the April thesis following a decision in a congress. He further argued that the October Revolution would not have happened if conferences had to be held like that. We pointed out that the above thesis was presented to the Bolshevik Central Committee on 6th April, 1917 and to the Party Congress on April 10 and was adopted by the Congress, but Ratnasiri continued to defend his incorrect position.

Three members, including Comrade Nandana, requested that the Local commitee, which was to be held on 15 th June, be convened on another day as they were not in a position to attend. Despite this , secretary Ratnasiri assembled the Local commitee without the relevant comrades and proceeded to pass a resolution to suspend Comrade Nandana. Condemning this anti-democratic act, Comrade Amaratunga insisted that he is against holding this vote and therefore will not participate in it. Later, he informed the political committee that the Ratnasiri’s resolution was approved by a majority vote and that Amaratunga was neutral and the political committee implemented that decision. Amaratunga was not neutral, but was opposed to holding the vote.

Amaratunga, like many other comrades, was confused by this provocation which the party leadership consciously implemented. Amaratunga suggested to the committee to take steps for political clarity in order to correct these mistakes. Under these circumstances only, came Amaratunga’s remarks that he could no longer continue under this leadership. But Ratnasiri took this as an opportunity to advance the current situation in which actions are being taken to hunt down the party members who do not support anti-democratic, anti-tradition and anti-theoretical actions.

Through the intervention of Udayaprema and Geetha in the local committee, a consensus was reached that the problem should be resolved by discussing with Amaratunga.

Accordingly, Udayaprema was assigned to meet Amaratunga. Amaratunga told Udaya that there is no solution (politically speaking) other than the party; and that he is waiting for the date of the local committee meeting to be announced. It was reported to the local assembly, but Ratnasiri did not agree to invite him. He said that Amaratunga should make a written request to join the party as a new member. Ratnasiri rejected that Amaratunga did not leave the party.

Our party had a tradition of trying to solve problems such as this by sending a representative of the political committee to participate in the local committee. Such practices have been abandoned since many years. Now this is another example of uprooting the traditions and accepted practices needed for gaining political clarity. An important fact here is that the leadership worked to sweep away like dust a worker with a continuous history of 46 years in the party. When Amaratunga was working as a miner, he came forward to oppose the betrayal by the LSSP trade union and, the union leadership and the employers conspired together to sack him. He lost his job. He turned to RCL with this experience. The party has now given him the same treatment as the leaders of that trade union. He was greatly shocked and it affected his health. If not for our intervention and explanations made at the request of his family members, even his life would have been endangered.

He fought tirelessly against the 30-year war and against the JVP’s tyranny. He is a much respected and loved fighter in the area as well as within the party. He has a record of being true to the International Committee and the Party at all times. Since 1989, he has been suffering from a severe heart disease and he did not consider this condition as an obstacle to any of party work. Neighbors regard him as a leader because of the life he spent as a man who does not bow down to backwardness and always standing by principles.

When in 1978 Basil Fernando and Siriwardena rejected party perspectives outright, the RCL discussed with them for 6 months and tried to get political clarity. Such actions were

based on the decisive lessons of the struggle that Trotsky and Cannon had with Burnham Shatman group. When we raised these issues, Ratnasiri denounced this historical experience as mistakes made during the time of Healy. These statements, and the dismissal, shows the petty bourgeoise disregard for the history of the movement. This fact has been confirmed by the way in which the comrades Nandana, Sanjaya and Vakkambura have been treated as well as Amaratunga. What is important is to develop the party and thereby intensify the class struggle by raising the issues regarding perspectives and programme and clarifying them. Instead of that, such behaviors open the doors of the party to petty bourgeoise opportunism. We insist that it is necessary to realize this without delay.

In the first local meeting after 3rd Party conference (on 25.5.2022), Comrade Ratnasiri tried to appoint office bearers, keeping Comrades Nandana, Geetha and Udayaprema away. This has been informed to you by Comrade Nandana in his letter dated 29.5.2022, but you have chosen to ignore it.

Comrade Ratnasiri had informed the above comrades that the meeting would be started at 7.30 PM and, started it at 7 PM informing only the other members of the branch. After that, officials were appointed before the political discussion with an anti-traditional haste. Comrade Nandana’s opposition in this regard was introduced as sabotage. Comrade Amaratunga and the above three comrades left the meeting opposing the suppression of discussion and threatening of the local leadership. 

We warn that it is extremely dangerous for the leadership to continue to disregard the old traditions and constitution of the party in the current intense class struggle, and to expel the comrades who have been members of the party for a long time without any discussion  is opening the door to the reaction.

Comrade Missaka, who was a member of the Central Committee until he left the party, and a young Comrade Hirun, who demanded a discussion about the arbitrary actions of the party leadership have left the party, because even the 3rd Party Congress last year too defended these actions. Even though they have made written submissions to the leadership, no discussion whatsoever had been held within the party regarding them up to this date.

Dismissal of political, theoretical and organizational issues emerging within the acute situation of the contemporary class struggle, without any assessment or clarification is a clear indication that the party is being driven by pragmatism. For this reason, we understand that, it is required to have a genuine democratic discussion on the problems that have arisen regarding the comrades who have been kept away from the party including Amaratunga, which would be an essential requirement in order to understand the tasks of the party at a higher level and to create the necessary organizational preparations in implementing them. For that, we propose all four comrades mentioned here should be reinstated as members immediately.

We suggest that this letter should be shared among the party membership and a discussion should be commenced. 

Fraternally, 

Udayaprema, Geeta 

Local Council, Ambalangoda. 

16.11.2022

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